Ancient Mexico essays

Ancient Mexico essays Ancient Mexico, an overview, by Jaime Litvak King is a book about the history about Mexico. She begins the book with the very beginnings of Mexican civilization and through all the hardships the Indians had to endure with the invasion of Spanish conquistadors and Hernan Cortes. In my opinion the importance of the history is tremendous. As a native Mexican, I personally was fascinated with the history of my people and my heritage. Being part Aztec, learning the history of the Aztec Indians was the most beneficial to me. The subject matters of certain chapters in the book were quite interesting. As stated earlier, being part Aztec, the chapters concerning the Aztec Indians were the most influential chapters. At the same time, learning about the other cultures that intermingled with my ancestors was just as exciting. King goes into great detail concerning ancient artifacts that help date the numerous societies that roamed the land. The Olmec built the first pyramid in Ancient Mexico, sometime around 1000 B.C. King continues to go into specifics about the different cities throughout the Aztec empire. She going into greater detail about Teotihuacan, a city where there are two large pyramids, one for the moon and the other for the sun. In its time, from about A.D. 100 to 750, Teotihuacan was the undisputed center of Mesoamerican life. In its heyday it was the largest city in the world, not just in Mesoamerica. Other cities included, Monte Alban, Tikal, and Palenque. The pottery of the different Mesoamerican cultures also plays a large part in Kings book. She shows pictures of pottery and figurines found in almost every major civilization throughout the Mesoamerican region. She talks about the different styles used and how each area had a very unique form which varied in color, graphics, and materials used. Its pottery, a thin orange ware and a brown, cylindrical, stick-...

Sample Essay

Sample Essay Sample Essay is a website providing students with free essay writing tips. It is time to start working on admission essays. It becomes much easier to write your own essays if you have a sample admission essayas an example. College admission essays writing are very important, creating the only chance you have to tell the committees who you are. Good sample essay gives you an idea about attractive admission essay writing. That person you describe in the essay will come off as phony, superficial, exaggerated, and boring. Writing admission essay do everything in your power - describe yourself, your goals, your achievements. Your English college essay writing gives the admission committee an idea about who you are and why you should be chosen. Do not neglect the importance of sample essay provided below. Sample Admission Essays Admission essays sample about personal achievements and community service: ...In the Urban Health Care Program I did an elective at Women in Crisis, a program in Harlem for women with HIV/AIDS. I did workshops in churches, beauty parlors, and nail salons. I stood on corners distributing condoms and literature. I talked to women for hours, not just about HIV/AIDS but also about other issues affecting their health and/or well-being: self-esteem, safe sex, drug/alcohol abuse, the importance of an education. The following summer, I also participated in the AMSA/NHSC Health Promotion/Disease Prevention Project at the Institute for Urban Family Health in New York City. I developed lower literacy material on a variety of health topics. During my clerkships, I believe that I was able to bring all my skillsand caring to fusion. Patients at all age levels and genders seemed to take to me. My most rewarding clerkship (among many successful ones) was an elective I did at the Phillips Family Practice at Jefferson Medical College. I felt like a doctor, perhaps the way they were portrayed in old movies: like a family confidante, like a friend. I worked in an office and even made (my pleasure) home visits. I spoke to middle-aged patients about Diabetes and Hypertension and to adolescents about sex, social, or cultural issues - the death of a rap star, for example, why an eight-year-old shouldn't be drinking Kool-Aid. At Phillips, I felt that my life's sum was sending a resounding message: Family Practice would be my choice. But with a heart!... Check this out: Did you like the above sample? We can write a unique admission paper for you as well! All admission essays we deliver are original and customized. Thus, you get guaranteed results with our writing help. Interesting topics: Informative and Surprising Essay Conclusion Writing English Essay Writing Parts of a Thesis Term Paper on Cholesterol and Lipids

Critically Appraising Quantitative Studies Research Paper

Critically Appraising Quantitative Studies - Research Paper Example are true for the people in the study while external validity is the reflection to the target population by the study for people who are not included in the study. Biases that may lead to internal invalidity include statistical analysis, withdrawals and dropouts, blinding, data collection methods, allocation bias, confounding, intervention integrity. Internal validity occurs in unbiased results and only internally viable research can be generalized ensuring external validity. Reliability denotes the amount of trust that can be given to a research and is therefore a measure of the likelihood for reproducing the same research (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2010). This is determined using statistical techniques relating to frequency of occurrence of chance and uncertainty of an observation. The threshold for chance use to check for reliability is 5% where a research phenomenon is reliable if it occurred more than 5% and its occurrence is therefore not by chance. Applicability is the extent to which the results obtained can have an impact on practice where contrast is made against statistical significance. This entails checking if the research will generate any difference on the users of the research. The most important factor is validity because applicability is dependent on reliability and validity but results can be reliable but not valid making them unable to be generally applied. It is also more important because reliability is a necessary condition for validity however it is not a sufficient condition. In conclusion, it is more important where the research outcome is both reliable and valid for the best research

Water, Agriculture and Irrigation Simulation for CROPS Statistics Project

Water, Agriculture and Irrigation Simulation for CROPS - Statistics Project Example Temperatures are at the highest in the month of July and August with temperatures reaching high as 40  Ã‚ °C. Temperatures are recorded the lowest in late January and early February with temperatures reaching less than 5 °C. ETO is highest in the month of June to July with records reaching up to 7mm. The month of December and January record the least ET0 at an average of 1mm a day. The ideal period to grow crops in Cordoba is from January after which they will take 4 months to be harvested. The major climatic constraints include high temperatures. Cordoba experiences high temperatures in the mid year. The increasing temperatures occur in the summer season after which most of the crops have already been harvested. Increasing Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is also high from June to December and is increasing at an increasing rate. Carbon dioxide should not be directly proportional to the oxygen released to the atmosphere. Increase in carbon in the atmosphere lead to low productiv ity. Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere may have direct impact on agriculture productivity. This may also lead to extreme weather. A warmer climate could bring low rainfall which results to low water availability. The maize sown on 15th February yielded 2.726 with a biomass of 8.388 ton/ha with a potential biomass of 18.314 ton/ha both in ratio of 46% with a water productivity of 1.01kg yield per m3 evapotranspired. Canopy Cover (CC) of the maize sown in 15th February increased from 0 to 96% at the 15th day to 40th day and reduced from 85th day up to 111th day.

Problem Solving ; Critical Thinking - Hdlt Essay Example for Free

Problem Solving ; Critical Thinking Hdlt Essay This adaptation is tested through fresh, innovative learning environments and higher expectations. Let us first determine critical thinking and problem solving and see how are these phenomenon interrelated with each other and the role both these skills play in our lives. Critical thinking (CT) is defined as â€Å" intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing and /or evaluating information gathered from or generated by observations, experiences, reflections, reasoning or communication as a guide to belief and action. Scriven Paul, 2007, P 1). Thus simply put, CT is metacognition or thinking about thinking. Problem-solving (PS) is a mental process that involves ascertaining, investigating and solving problems. The eventual objective of problem-solving is to overcome hindrances and find a solution that best resolves the issue. These problems could range from simply crossing the road and reaching safely on the other side without getting hurt by the oncoming vehicles or solving a Sudoku puzzle or figure out a estimated expenses of a trip or in case of a child, solving a multiplication sum given in the class. The term problem solving ( P S) in educational settings would involve solving well-structured text book problems which are poles apart from ill structured problems which are encountered in everyday life. Thus we can see that in order to effectively solve a problem, one may require to engage with it and critically think about it to find the best solution. Let us now look at certain important broad themes and specific problem solving processes used by children Broad themes 1. Task analysis – details of steps taken to actually solve problems. For example a child adds 2 multi digit numbers, the actual process starting with adding the numbers in the right most column, writing ones digit as a part of the answer, carrying over the tens digit ( if it is so ) †¦ so on and so forth. Task analysis helps in identifying the exact places where child might be encountering difficulty in solving the problem, the nature of the difficulty. Thus it gives an insight into the manner in which the child solves problems; and thus provides scope for rectification. 2. Means – End analysis Using this methodology, one solves a problem by considering the obstacles that stand between the initial problem state and the goal state. The path to reaching the goal can be achieved by accomplishing smaller sub goals. When all of the sub goals have been achieved – when all of the obstacles are out of the way – then the main goal of interest has been achieved. Thus, means-ends analysis can be seen as a search strategy in which the long-range goal is always kept in mind to guide problem solving. 3. Encoding – this literally means identifying critical information in order to build internal representations. Thus it is very important to train the child to filter out the relevant data from the all the available information. Many children fail because they are not thought how to encode critical information and utilize it. Important processes of Problem Solving- 1. Planning this is future directed PS, most often used in difficult and new situations. But most often the novelty of the situation also ensures that children often forget to plan. 2. Route Planning this is done in order to select a most efficient route in order to reach a destination. Children as early as one year of age start showing the development of this ability. Example – an adult figuring out his way in order to reach a new destination; after looking at various maps. The route is figured out post route planning. 3. Causal Inference many a times problem solving is an attempt to understand the cause of a phenomenon. Humans are curious by nature. A two year old will constantly be in the endeavor to know â€Å"why things happen†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ why do birds fly, whereas animals don’t? so on and so forth. 4. Analogical Reasoning In problem solving this is predominantly concerned with systemic correspondences, where a solution to a known problem may be applied to solving a structurally similar problem. Analogical reasoning improves with maturation and increase in content knowledge. According to Piaget’s stages of development analogical reasoning only starts developing in the pre operational stage ( ages 2 -7) and gets occasional limited success in concrete operational stage(7-11) and becomes fully developed by formal operational stage (age 11 through adulthood) Stage I (Preoperational) egocentric responses using idiosyncratic relations. IA children were unable to form lower-order relations IB some children able to form lower-order relations, but unable to form analogies Stage II (concrete operational) occasional, limited success IIA trial-and-error success on analogies, inability to resist false counter-suggestions IIB consistent success on analogies, but inconsistent ability to resist false counter-suggestions Stage III (formal operational) Success on all aspects of the tasks. Criticism of Piaget – Goswami Brown reasoned that children might fail Piagets tasks because they lack knowledge of the relations entailed. On this view, children ought to be able to solve classical analogy problems provided the analogies are based on familiar relations. Practice in analogical reasoning improved young children’s spontaneous formation of analogies. 5. Scientific reasoning: Children question everything as a basic premise,they want to know the why , how of everything; but they are also hugely influenced by the beliefs that they see are carried around them. Whenever they actually do something on their own, they do develop an understanding and rationality regarding the same phenomenon. For example a child understands that sugar takes less time to dissolve in hot milk rather than cold milk. Thus, when they indulge in activities, experiment they develop scientific and logical reasoning. 6. Logical reasoning It is when a child can apply logical rules in order to solve problems. Logical reasoning requires the child to link each alternative to the main problem by strong reasoning. They may also require using logical structure If , Then . for example if a child has to climb up two floors, he could either use the lift or the stairs. If the escalator lift for some reason is not working, then either the child could wait till the lifet starts working or take the stairs. The choices have to be logically reasoned out. Both analogical and logical reasoning develop gradually over early and middle childhood whereas scientific reasoning does take more time to develop and take shape as it is much enhanced by experience. Along with certain important processes used in PS some of the others are – Symbolic representation as tools Rule based problem solving etc. Above we have also looked at Piagetian perspective on PS. Let us also look at the Vyogotsky’s perspective on the same. Lev Vygotsky gave some novel ideas regarding childrens learning and their problem solving abilities. 1. Zone of Proximal development (ZPD) This is the zone where learning takes place. This zone represents the difference the between what the child can achieve on its own and what it can achieve with the help of others. In order, for learning to occur, the elder or peer must provide a challenge that is beyond the child’s own capabilities and yet be assisted. Thus assisted learning or peer learning is an important aspect of children developing the PS abilities. If children have done a task with an adult or under the guidance of an adult (ZPD) they tend to show improvement whilst performing as opposed to those who were attempting it for the first time ( Piaget’s discovery learning ). Vyogotsky also pointed towards the importance of private speech in children, whenever confronted with a novel problem. This speech could be their method of engaging with the problem. As children grow up and get better at symbolic interpretation, this private speech diminishes. Now let us look at how a constructivist classroom helps children in enhancing their PS abilities. Constructivist approaches to learning attempt to generate environments where learners are actively engaged in their surroundings and environments that help them to construct and develop their own understanding, reasoning and knowledge, rather than the teacher interpreting their world for them. The learners interaction with the environment and with the subject matter at hand results them in having their own view about the subject. Thus we can see that collaborative learning is the hallmark of a constructivist classroom. For example – group of students in a chemistry class are learning about properties of organic salts. Instead of directly stating the properties, the teacher will devise questions which will engage the students in challenging their previous knowledge, link it to the other phenomenon that they have already been studying and generate a new level of understanding regarding the topic. During the discussions and promptings, when one student comes with the relevant concept, the teacher would cash on it and hint to the group to further explore this concept. Late, she would sum up ay concluding what the class has learnt, what helped and what did not help them in constructing new knowledge. Question – The biggest question for me is the teaching methodology. In most of the schools, that me and my colleagues have visited during our practicum, we inevitably noticed that instead of focusing on teaching the students how to think, rationalize, develop an understanding. The focus is on what they should think? Conclusion By providing them everything like â€Å"ready to eat meals†, we seal them from developing their own understanding. In a class room setting children, still encounter structured problems, in real life settings children will be coming across many ill structured problems. The aim of education must be to prepare them for encountering the challenges that they would face everyday. They have to be trained to adequately use their problem solving abilities within the classroom as well as outside it. References – Taylor, L, (2005). Introducing cognitive development. Taylor and Francis: Psychology Press. (Chapter: Thinking and reasoning). Siegler ; Alibali (2005). Chapter 10: Problem-Solving (pp 341-380). Synder L. ; Synder J. Teaching critical thinking and Problem solving skills, The Delta Pi Epsilon Journal, Volume L, No. 2, Spring/Summer, 2008

Living a Pluralistic Way of Life Who Sees Diversities as a Connection t

"Culture", as a word, fits with a group of words that do not have just one definition or meaning, but multiple. With a diverse population prevailing in the United States today, our country is a melting pot of diverse cultures, every distinctive in its own respect. Culture is distinguishing one social group from another, including beliefs, language, traditions, art, food, religion and economic systems. Through lifelong and ever altering processes of learning, and sharing, culture shapes our patterns of behavior and thinking. A culture’s significance is so philosophical that it touches almost every aspect of who and what we are. As Henslin once said â€Å"Culture becomes the lens through which we perceive and evaluate what is going on around us.† It becomes who we are and how we see things differently from the people of a different nationality. In Warren St. John’s Outcasts United, culture is an important aspect that plays a significant role throughout the book and challenges the refugees in their daily lives. Having a pluralistic society can influence the behavioral and thinking styles of the people living around them. Some of these people may learn from the diverse range of cultures to find faults in their own living styles and try to better improve them. The Liberian’s, the Middle Easterner’s and the African’s are some of the examples of how one’s culture can impact lives of the people living around them. Starting a new life in a different culture is not easy, but instead, it is very hard to overcome some of the challenges that one may encounter. When visitors first arrive to a striving country, like America, they are excited to live the life they have been dreaming about for years. But after a certain amount of time, they start fee... ...ge that benefits every single individual. Clarkston, Georgia gave thousands of refugees a home to live in; they provided the immigrants with their basic necessities. Some of these new cultures that impacted the society to a certain limit were Middle Eastern, African, and the Liberians. The people in Clarkston got exposed to a lot of diversity around them which brought a lot of change into society caused by the various range of people living there. While some changes were beneficial, the others were not so good. However, in the end Clarkston symbolized a perfect model pluralistic society for others to look at and be appreciative. People should be acceptable to change; you never know, it could change your life forever in a moral way. A good way to look at culture through your eyes is to â€Å"see the world’s variety as a blessing rather than a burden† (The Aga Khan).

The Brief Wondrous

To experience passionate feelings for the first time is invigorating, maybe on the grounds that it increases to a startling level of self-change. We're all impacted by our loved ones, however a few of us all the more so. Evident in the novel, The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, there are some people in the world who have extreme attachment and stress-related anxiety with being left alone, also known as Oscar in the story, ask themself of their own happiness. When the author, Junot Diaz, writes about self-growth throughout the novel, he explained that sometimes self-development can force you towards unfortunate propensities, making you more on edge, and even confused. In entering a relationship, there's a possibility that you might turn into someone you might not wish to become; which often causes individuals to make illogical decisions that configures their lives, in this case, Oscar being the individual making irrational decisions. Oscar had girlfriends as early as the age of seven, he was dating two girls from his school both Maritza Chacon and Olga Polanca at the same time. In spite of the three way relationship between the young lovers being an actual thing, it only lasted for a week. One day after school, Maritza wanted to face reality and confronted Oscar saying, â€Å"It's either her or me!†(Page14,Chapter1), Oscar being the player that he was with his Dominican Republic blood at age seven, wanted to share, having the best of both worlds, but Maritza wasn't accepting any of Oscar's nonsense. Maritza was different from the other girls Oscar had interacted with. She was beautiful and easy going with the guys, while the other girlfriend, Olga was unattractive and quiet. So it was pretty easy for Oscar to choose who to be with, Maritza. Only to be dumped not even a week after Oscar had dumped Olga! Oscar was doleful. So heartbroken to the fact that, he did not interact with another girl for years. After the whole situation of being dumped by Maritza, over the next couple of years Oscar became depressed, leaning towards food for comfort, in the end leading him to obesity, and when he got into the stage of early adolescence no one could really call him that cute little Dominican Republic boy anymore. Oscar got uncomfortable with his overweight body and no longer could go anywhere near girls, because they always â€Å"shrieked and called him gordo asqueroso.†(Page17,Chapter1). However, Oscar had become so desperate that if a girl talked to him for even a split second, he would fall in love with her. He â€Å"became a social introvert†(Page22,Chapter1), not having many friends throughout high school. â€Å"[Oscar's] affection-that gravitational mass of love, fear, longing, desire, and lust that he directed at any and every girl in the vicinity without regard to looks, age, or availability-broke his heart each and every day.†(Page23,Chapter1). As a result, he became very unwoeful with his life, abusing himself not only mentally but physically by lowering his self-esteem and self-confidence. As it came towards Oscar's Senior Year, â€Å"Oscar fell in love with a girl in his SAT prep class.†(Page33,Chapter1), Ana. Ana was a conversationalist, and in Oscar's perspective â€Å"[Ana] had beautiful Carribean-girl eyes†(Page34,Chapter1). She was a bit strange compared to the other girls, yet good-looking, making Oscar fall head over heels in love with her. Until one day she talked about her ex-boyfriend, Manny. Although things were going well between Ana and Oscar, the thought of Ana talking about Manny kept roaming in the back of his mind, pestering him.- â€Å"My parents loved Manny. My mom used to cook dinner for him all the time.†(Page35,Chapter1) Oscar liked Ana, but it didn't seem that Ana had the same feelings. Poor Oscar. When Ana had told Oscar that she and Manny were dating again, his heart got broken once more. Although this isn't the last time Oscar gets his heart broken, it sure is a starting point to deep, dark thoughts. As we read about Oscar's life in the novel, we can identify that due to the strong impression from Oscar's surroundings, he believed that a person needed to be loved, naturally he received stress from not succeeding, and in the end lost touch with reality. With peer pressure of having been told to lose his virginity more than several times, he became desperate, wanting to prove to himself that he too, can get a girl and be happy with life. However, due to the fact that Oscar couldn't really succeed in that area of expertise, it led him to numerous accounts of attempted suicide and eventually death.

Gas Diffusion Essay

OBJECTIVES: Determine the gas diffusion coefficient of acetone using the established Winkelmann’s method KEYWORDS Diffusivity, Gas Diffusion Coefficient, Winkelmann’s method OVERVIEW The knowledge of physical and chemical properties of certain materials is important because very often process engineering deal with the transformation and distribution of these materials in bulk. One such property is diffusivity. Mass transfer by diffusion takes place when there is a concentration gradient of the diffusing component. Naturally, the diffusion in gas phase is much faster than the diffusion in liquid phase due to the small spaces between the molecules that hinder other molecule movement. Other factors that will effect the diffusion are temperature, density, concentration and other external factors. 1. INTRODUCTION This experiment has been designed for students experiment on the technique of determining diffusivity of the vapor of a volatile liquid based on the established Winkelmann’s method. In this method the volatile liquid is allowed to evaporate in a vertical glass tube over the top of which a stream of vapor-free gas is passed. A water bath is provided for maintaining a steady temperature so that there is no eddy current in the vertical tube and mass transfer takes place from the surface by molecular diffusion alone. The rate of evaporation can be followed by the rate of fall of the liquid surface. A traveling microscope is provided for determining, the liquid fall. With the knowledge of the concentration gradient, the diffusivity of  the vapor of the volatile liquid can then be calculated. 2.THEORY When a concentration gradient exists within a fluid consisting of two or more components, there is a tendency for each constituent to flow in such a direction as to reduce the concentration gradient. This is called mass transfer. Mass transfer takes place in either a gas phase or a liquid phase or in both simultaneously. When a liquid is allowed to evaporate in a narrow vertical tube and a steady temperature is maintained, mass transfer takes place from the surface by molecular diffusion alone. This is the technique developed by Winkelmann to determine the diffusivity of the vapor of a volatile liquid. By monitoring the evaporation rate, which is the rate of fall of liquid surface, and with the knowledge of concentration gradient, one may then calculate the diffusivity. The rate of mass transfer is given by: (1) where, D=diffusivity [m2/s] CA=saturation concentration at interface [kmol/m3] L=effective distance of mass transfer [m] CT=total molar concentration [kmol/m3] CBm=logarithmic mean value of CB [kmol/m3] Considering the evaporation of the liquid: (2) where, L=density of liquid [kg/m3] M=molecular weight [kg/kmol] Combining equations 1 and 2 we get, (3) Integrating and putting L = L0 at t = 0: (4) Values of L0 or L will not be measured accurately but accurate values of (L – L0) are available. Thus, rearranging equation 4: or,(5) A plot of t/ against will give a slope s: (6) Diffusivity D can then be calculated from equation 6: 3.START UP AND SHUT- DOWN PROCEDURES 3.1Start-up Procedure Prior to running an experiment, students are advised to perform the following start-up procedure: 1.Fill the water bath with clean (preferably filtered) water to approximately 30 mm from the top. 2.Plug the mains cable to the electrical supply. Be sure that the voltage of the supply is correct to suit the equipment. 3.Switch on the main power on the control panel. 4.Adjust the set-point value on the temperature controller to 50  °C. Warning!!Do not set the temperature controller beyond 70  °C. 5.Switch on the heater. Observe the water temperature heats up to 50  °C and remains constant. 6.Switch on the air pump. Adjust the needle valve so that a steady low velocity of air stream is detected at the end of the flexible tubing. 7.The equipment is now ready for student experiment. b)Priming Procedure for the Capillary Tube Before using the capillary tube in an experiment using acetone, students are advised to clean the inside of the tube. 1.Prepare a weak solution of detergent. 2.Use a Hirschmann pipette to fill the tube with the solution. Tapping the outside of the tube may be necessary if the solution is trapped and does not flow down. 3.Turn the tube upside-down and shake. Empty the tube. 4.Repeat steps 2 to 3 with acetone. 5. The tube is now ready for student experiment. c)Shut-down Procedure After the completion of an experiment, students are advised to shut down the equipment as follows: 1.Switch off the heater and air pump. 2.Adjust the set-point value of the temperature controller to approximately 5 degree below the room temperature. 3.Allow the water to cool down until it is safe to touch. Open the drain valve and empty the water tank. 4.Detach the flexible tubing and clean the capillary tube for next use. (Refer to priming procedure) 5.Switch off the main power. Unplug the main cable if the equipment will not be used for a long period. 4.EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 1. Perform the start-up procedure as outlined in section 3. 2.Initially switch off the air pump. 3.Partially fill the capillary tube with acetone to a depth of about 35 mm. 4.Carefully insert the capillary tube through the fitting on top of the water bath cover. Do not over-tighten the fitting. 5.Observe the initial level of acetone through the microscope. Record the level in the table. 6.Connects the flexible tubing from the air pump line to one end of the capillary tube. Switch on the air pump. 7.After 10 minutes, switch off the air pump. Disconnect the flexible tubing and detach the capillary tube from the fitting. Observe and record the level of the acetone. 8. Repeat steps 5 to 6 at 10 minutes intervals. 9. Record the time, acetone level and liquid fall in the table below. 5.0RESULT Time, t (ks) Level of Acetone, L (mm) Liquid Fall (L – L0) (mm) t/(L – L0) (ks/mm) 6.0TUTORIALS 6.1 Plot t/ against. Determine gas diffusivity, D from the obtained slope, s. Attached all of your calculation at the appendix in the experiment report. 6.2 Compare the experimental value with the theoretical value that can be predicted from empirical equations (e.g. modified Maxwell’s equation by Gilliland). 6.3 Discuss the factors that effect the diffusion of acetone from the graph that have been plotted. 6.4 Base on objective of the experiment and the theory in gas diffusion makes a conclusion from your finding. 7.0 SAFETY AND MAINTENANCE General Safety Procedure 1.Always read and understand the manual properly before attempting to operate the equipment. 2.Always wear proper attire during laboratory session. It is highly recommended that eye protection and gloves are used. 3.Be careful when handling hazardous material. Always refer to the material safety data sheet. Avoid inhaling in great amount any hazardous material. 4.Avoid any spillage onto electrical components to prevent electrical shock. 5.Avoid touching hot surfaces (e.g. heater) to prevent skin burn. 6.Always conduct experiment in a properly ventilated room. General Maintenance Procedure 1.Do not operate the equipment if any of the components is found to be faulty. Consult the instructor for assistance. 2.Disconnect the equipment from electrical supply when not in use. 3.Drain the water from the water bath. 4.Clean the water bath thoroughly after use. Values for Calculation: 1. Ï  L = 760.0 kg/m3 2. M = 58.08 kg/kmol 3. Partial pressure P* = 0.8062 atm 4. where for acetone, CB1=0.0377 kmol/m3 CB2=0.00731 kmol/m3 CA=0.0304 kmol/m3 CT=0.0377kmol/m3

Woodstock Music Festival

Woodstock Music Festival Abstract Woodstock Music Festival was a three day event that took place in 1969. It involved a â€Å"throng of sex, drugs, and rock n rollplus a lot of mud.† Woodstock has turned out to be a 1960s hippie counter-culture symbol during one of the most unstable years in contemporary history.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Woodstock Music Festival specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this paper, theories regarding the causes of this colossal concert will be discussed and argued, in effect convincing readers to look at the music festival in new point of view and discover the symbolic significance that stirred novelty to a crippling nation. Body In 1969 America summer, numerous huge concerts took place, however none of them were as symbolic and celebrated as Woodstock Music Festival. Woodstock impact on the society and culture of Americans will be remembered in many decades to come. John Roberts, Artie Korn field, Michael Lang, Joel Rosenman were men who initially established the event. Their initial plan concerning the concert was to back up the plan of opening a recording music studio in Bethel, NY; this is where the concert in fact took place. Intended to become the biggest event that assembled many people in one specific place and time, Woodstock Music Festival represented â€Å"three days of love, peace and music† in the middle of Vietnam War terrors (Evans, 48). Woodstock was the most eminent music concert and it took place when Americans were greatly divided; more than four hundred thousand people from all over the country assembled to commemorate â€Å"Three Days of Peace and Music.† Those 3 days of celebrated performances, indescribable mud and memorable experiences enabled Woodstock Art and Music turn into be a symbol of all generation. The historic event became large for Americans’ generation as an icon of camaraderie and love of music during a time of d isaster, war and generational clefts. Woodstock music festival was a shrilly pacifist show, but its meaning was thinned by the media. Instead of focusing on the political avowals made, typical cultural critics talked-about long hair, nakedness and hippies (Perone, 87). The event, as it were, had lost its grip in the midst of a normalizing and co-optive media tradition that overlooked existent politics and replaced sensationalism and symbolism. The concert was officially known as â€Å"The Woodstock Music and Art Fair,† it went through various hypothetical incarnations, recorded in an article in the year 1994 by Elliot Tiber.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many articles wrote lots of different things regarding the concert and large numbers of people from different parts of the country walked for miles to reach the location (Evans, 108). Even though the W oodstock Music Festival was intended to be a ticketed event, ultimately, the planners stopped collecting the tickets because the crowd started to cut away and to trample the fences which made even more people to come to the concert. The event schedule featured the most celebrated and legendary rock and folk music groups of the 60s. In the first night, the concert was headlined by Ritchie Havens and came to an end many hours later with Joan Baez giving a blazing close-down. Artists began their performances every day at around midday and they made sure they engaged the crowd. There were fundamental causes for this event and so they had to give their all. The Americans were very segregated at the time and the frights of the Vietnam War were still very fresh in their minds. So much was going on and there was too much pressure surrounding the people. The event was all about love, peace and above all music (Makower, 97). Woodstock Music Festival was inspiring and remarkable for people who attended because it had performing artists who played for the largest audience of their vocation. Woodstock Music Festival featured unforgettable â€Å"acts of the Rock Roll† epoch i.e. â€Å"Joan Baez, Richie Havens, John Sebastian, The Who, Santana, Mountain, Canned Heat, Arlo Guthrie, CCR, Joe Cocker, Grandpa Simpsons favorite band that day––Sha Na Na, The Band, Paul Butterfield Blues Band, Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, CSNY, and Country Joe and the Fish and Jimi Hendrix, who sang his terrific edition of the Star-Spangled Banner.† The event was about three days of peace and love, contrasting the Vietnam War and abhorrence. The Vietnam War was a lengthened conflict existing between nationalist forces who tried to unite Vietnam nation under a communalist government and the US (with South Vietnamese help) trying to put a stop to the spread of communalism.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Woodstock Music Festival spe cifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Engaged in a battle that many saw as having no means to win, United State heads lost their citizens support for the warfare (Evans, 56). Ever since the end of this warfare, the Vietnam War has turned into a point of reference for what not to do in the future when it comes to U.S. foreign battles. This war left Americans in division and with so much hatred; the festival intended to bring peace and love in the land. The festival was caused by the urge to unite American people and to alleviate the pressure that the people were going through. Organizers of the event said that people who were buying tickets for the Festival were contributing to a unified front against the hatred, the division and the Vietnam War. Artists played great music and made antiviolence speeches; Country Joe for instance exhorted the audience that â€Å"if you want to stop this fucking war, youll have to sing louder than that.† Leaders of the movement and other advocates took their turns too and several men smashed their draft cards protesting against the Vietnam War (Makower, 73). Nonetheless, Media’s image and reminiscence of this festival focused on the commemorating side of it: the loud music, the rain and mud, the nakedness, drugs and â€Å"free† love. There were numerous turbulent incidents closely enveloping Woodstock Music Festival. For example the Vietnam War had just got into its 5th year. It would have entered its 6th year if Saigon to the Vietcong did not admit defeat on 30th April, 1975. In the previous year, Martin Luther King, Jr. assassination was very fresh in the minds of many people in the country. A fugitive convict, confessed to the felony however he later claimed to have been set-up. His confession was however sustained 8 times and in 1998, he passed on in prison. There was also another recent assassination involving Sen. Robert F. Kennedy: this occurred in LA at the Ambassador Hotel which happened just 2 months after the death of Martin Luther King, Jr. A Palestinian migrant known as Sirhan Sirhan assassinated Kennedy, after he had addressed his cohorts, and passed away the following day: Sirhan was arrested and put in jail.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During the festival Lang said that Americans were trying hard to get-out of that Vietnam War. He stated that â€Å"The whole decade had been filled with efforts to improving the human condition with human rights struggles, civil rights and womens rights. We were just first realizing that we were trashing the planet we lived on and the ecology movement was just beginning and a lot of groups at the time were turning a bit violent in trying to get their message out, (out of) frustration.† He continued to say that Woodstock served as a diplomatic and a serene way to fight the negative and depressing attitude brought about by those events. The country had gone through so much and even if the artists’ initial plan was to establish a recording music studio, the cause of the Festival was to bring Music, Love and most of all Peace (Perone, 29). Actually, by the first day of the Festival, as the performers looked-out-upon the huge multitude, they must have seen that Woodstock M usic Festival was not going to be just like any other concert that would be overlooked and forgotten. Looking from the outside Woodstock Festival might have been seen like just a concert for the young generation that involved hearing and dancing to their favorite musical tunes, but it proved to be much greater than that. Even though music was a significant part of the event, it could not have celebrated for such a long time if that were the extent of its worth. This means that the Festival was much more than just music and dancing. Woodstock brought out an important message to the people by helping them realize that they could come as one during depressing moments and discover a unified aspiration which was â€Å"Love and Peace†(Makower, 35). Even though there was law enforcement during the festival because it was feared that there would rioting, the police disregarded drug laws. The audience stayed diplomatic and calm all through the period of the festival in spite of the in tense use of LSD and Marijuana. During the Festival, no conflict was reported even though there was death because a tractor ran over a man. The entire Festival was a moment of peace and cheerfulness. Lots of people attending the event were given a gleam of hopefulness and optimism in a world that disregarded them. Despite the mud engraved in their bodies and the drugs, the long for love, peace and acceptance was in the air. The atmosphere and the frame of mind created by this is what made the Festival terrific and unforgettable. If it wasn’t for this pervasive feeling, the crowd could have dismissed the event like just any other excuse to get together, listen to music, dance and get high on drugs. There were little things that created great difference like the fact that there was no reported damage of properties during the entire festival. Also, even if there was lots of trash left at the concert site, the venture to clean-up the six hundred acre was completed in 5 days; crew members and attendees also helped with the cleaning (Littleproud, 46). For the majority of people, the impact of the festival was evident in their lives. Both men and women acquired self-confidence to go out there and make a big difference regardless of what some people may have thought of them. These people made great impact on the US society when just living their ordinary lives. They were educational pioneers with their varying feelings regarding the meaning of music, art and the society’s structure. Woodstock Music Festival’s impact that was left on the country could have been just as enormous on the people who watched it as the ones who were in reality present (Bennett, 67). People who went to the festival showed almost everybody around them that they can get together and make a big difference if only they wanted to. This event came at a time when most young people of America needed ideas of how to bring unity and peace in their land regardless of their differenc es. Due to Woodstock Music Festival, both men and women were inspired to go out there and make their own music. Also, there were new musicians who made their debut at the concert; for example Carlos Santana. Much of the music played during the festival was cordial and it happened to be a way of allowing the listeners find a foundation on which to talk about the events surrounding their world (Littleproud, 201). The Festival feeling has lasted on people’s minds for decades and up until this day, music continues to have a much more intense and influential effect on the people listening to it. It is obvious that without music events like Woodstock, Music wouldn’t be what and where it is at present. Efforts to recreate Woodstock Music Festival couldn’t be mastered because of one major factor. This was plainly that there was no profound ground or purpose to the reproduction. â€Å"Woodstock 94† was the second concert but it was no more than a big endorsement. In spite of Woodstock 69’s initial plan of studio promotion, it turned out to be much more than that for the reason that it took place at a time when Americans were searching for answers not simply empty ideas and talks. With the great publicity of Woodstock 94 in the media, it lost all optimism of be what the original Festival was all about. Woodstock 99’ was overly commercialized but this was not an issue, however everything else that was visualized happened. There was great hope for the last try to have another emblematic Woodstock prior-to the closing stages of the millennium. The optimism and expectations were shattered just as fast as the Woodstock site in Rome, NY. The festival’s audience was made up of a small number of patriot Woodstock aficionados that went to all three concerts bearing the name â€Å"Woodstock.† It appeared that the other people that constituted the rest of the attendees were practically all there to get high and tear down anyt hing that surrounded them. By the end of the festival, almost the entire stage and music equipments were ruined. There were also rape cases and all mementos given like posters, caps and shirts were stolen. The conducts portrayed during Woodstock 99’ festival can be referred to as â€Å"destructive vigor.† It went past foolish brutality to a point of bringing down the splendor of the original Woodstock 69’. Sadly now when people remember Woodstock Music Festival, they can’ help but also recall the damage that took place during its most recent effort at recreation. Conclusion In spite of people’s wish to bring back the mood and sensation of the original Woodstock Music Festival, all that remains is its effect on people who took part in it and the affect it had on the society they live in. Woodstock 69’ feeling will never be lost despite what happened in the consequent Woodstock concerts. It was caused by the desire to promote music studios but it played a greater role. At that time so much was going on in US and people were experiences great hatred and division. The Festival brought the feeling of â€Å"Love, Peace and good Music.† Bennett, Andy. Remembering Woodstock. USA, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2004. Print Evans, Mike. Woodstock: Three Days That Rocked the World, California, Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2009. Print Littleproud, Brad. Woodstock Peace, Music Memories, New York, Krause Publications, 2009. Print Makower, Joel. Woodstock: the oral history.USA, SUNY Press, 2009. Print Perone, James. Music of the counterculture era. Chicago, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004. Print

List of Sampling Types in Statistics

List of Sampling Types in Statistics There are two branches in statistics, descriptive and inferential statistics. Of these two main branches, statistical sampling concerns itself primarily with inferential statistics. The basic idea behind this type of statistics is to start with a statistical sample. After we have this sample, we then try to say something about the population.  We very quickly realize the importance of our sampling method. There are a variety of different types of samples in statistics. Each of these samples is named based upon how its members are obtained from the population. It is important to be able to distinguish between these different types of samples.  Below is a list with a brief description of some of the most common statistical samples. List of Sample Types Random sample – Here every member of the population is equally likely to be a member of the sample.  Members are chosen via a random process.Simple random sample – This type of sample is easy to confuse with a random sample as the differences between them are quite subtle. In this type of sample individuals are randomly obtained, and so every individual is equally likely to be chosen.  It is also necessary that every group of n individuals is equally likely of being chosen.Voluntary response sample – Here subjects from the population determine whether they will be members of the sample or not.  This type of sample is not reliable to do meaningful statistical work.Convenience sample - This type of sample is characterized by the selection of easy to obtain members from the population.  Again, this is typically not a worthwhile style for a sampling technique.Systematic sample - A systematic sample is chosen on the basis of an ordered system.Cluster sample â €“ A cluster sample involves using a simple random sample of evident groups that the population contains. Stratified sample - A stratified sample results when a population is split into at least two non-overlapping sub-populations. It is important to know the distinctions between the different types of samples. For example, a simple random sample and a systematic random sample can be quite different from one another. Some of these samples are more useful than others in statistics. A convenience sample and voluntary response sample can be easy to perform, but these types of samples are not randomized to reduce or eliminate bias.  Typically these types of samples are popular on websites for opinion polls. It is also good to have a working knowledge of all of these kinds of samples. Some situations call for something other than a simple random sample. We must be prepared to recognize these situations and to know what is available to use. Resampling It is also good to know when we are resampling.  This means that we are sampling with replacement, and the same individual can contribute more than once in our sample.  Some advanced techniques, such as bootstrapping, requires that resampling be performed.

LISC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

LISC - Essay Example While insulation principally diminishes conductive heat movement, weatherization mainly decreases convective heat movement (U.S Department of Energy). Weatherization has turned out to be gradually more high-profile when the outlays for house heating escalated. The United States Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) was launched in 1976 to assist modest-income households to trim down their energy use and the associated expenses. Weatherization Assistance Program runs across each of the fifty states, the Native American tribes and the District of Columbia. The objective of Program is to support the low-income household units by dropping bills accrue form energy consumption and reduce dependence on overseas oil by cutting down energy utilization (U.S Department of Energy). The United States Department of Energy approximates that an excess of 5.6 million households have been weatherized, with a 30.5 million MBtu energy saved every year. It approximates the weatherization proceeds of 2.69 dollars for every dollar used up on the program, realized in energy and non-energy benefits. Households whose houses were weatherized are projected to record 358 dollars in savings on their debut year's service bills. The department of energy allocated funds to all the American states under the 2009 Recovery Act. New York received the largest share of funds award, after being awarded 197,343,256 dollars. Other notable states with sizable awards are Texas with 163,487,866 dollars, Ohio with 133,390,705 dollars, Pennsylvania with 126,396,531 dollars, Michigan with 121,699,488 and Illinois with 121,263,310 dollars. The states that received minor awards are Hawaii with 2,020,730 dollars, District of Columbia 4,044,511 dollars and miscellaneous regions like American Samoa a nd Guam. The total fund in dollars awarded to the states under the 2009 Recovery Act is 2,364,375,000 (U.S Department of Energy). NYS has the largest Weatherization Assistance Program. The program obtains financial support from the United States Energy plus Health and Human Services Departments. In 2007/08 around 55 million dollars was allotted to 64 community organizations, which offer the weatherization services. Every part of the NY State is qualified or entitled to weatherization assistance. The programs service providers are chosen in a yearly State scheduling procedure. The greatest amount of funding is restricted to 4,500 dollars for every unit. The Program in addition helps decrease energy expenses of affordable housing, aided by additional programs overseen by the Division of Housing & Community Renewal (DHCR). Developers of affordable housing, property supervisors, and other society development organizations are persuaded to get in touch with their neighborhood Weatherization providers for additional information (New York State Division of Housing & Community Renewal). Weatherization program providers can be local government units, community non-profit making organizations, counties or community action agencies. To qualified, providers ought to show the capability to manage the program, and must possess an impeccable proof of having provided service to the community. Household units having modest incomes of 60 percent or below of the New York state median income are entitled to get program assistance. The services are accessible to both renters and homeowners, with precedence granted to the senior citizens, households with young

Style over Substance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Style over Substance - Essay Example However, for this to work effectively without swaying the viewing, specific regulations and understandings need to be considered. The effectiveness of televising the Presidential Debates is based on the capacity of giving viewers information about the persona, characteristics and ideologies of a given candidate. From a recent study, (Drew, 32), it was found that the Presidential Debates and the televised effects is what determined how citizens would vote. This pattern is one which was noted over a series of years, beginning in 1998. Each year, the vote became predictable by the debates and the responses which individuals had to these from the TV (Drew, 32). When looking at this information, it can be seen that voters rely on the information which they see on television based on the presidents, all which changes their outlook and decisions, specifically because of the knowledge received from the TV. The ability to receive knowledge about issues from the Presidential Debates is one whi ch should be considered not only with basic information, but also with the framework which is used. If citizens had the capacity of recognizing the models which were used with the debates, it would eliminate some of the abilities to change the mind of citizens in society.