A Study Of Microbial Theory - 843 Words

Traditionally, the study of microbial model systems in ecology has been limited, although the advent of molecular tools such as next generation sequencing has advanced the understanding of microbial community patterns and processes. This has resulted in a growing focus on studying fundamental ecological processes such as assembly and stability on microbial communities (Fierer, Ferrenberg, Flores, et al., 2012). Because of their simplicity, microbial model systems are in contrast with the complexity of the macro-ecological communities, allowing researchers to establish and test fundamental ecological mechanisms relevant to macro-ecological processes (Jessup, Kassen, Forde, et al., 2004). However, the current focus of microbial ecology is on characterizing simple community properties such as alpha beta diversity, relative abundance, and phylogenetic or taxonomic overlap (Baberan, Casamayor Fierer, 2011). Here, we aim to move past species inventories and abundance data towards understanding species interactions using a network approach, allowing us to characterize the ubiquitous building blocks of pharynx community common to all subjects of our study. Like macro-communities, fundamental ecological processes such as niche selection, dispersal or drift, play part in the formation and stability of the human microbiome. By using microbial communities as model systems, characterizing their ecological properties, assembly mechanisms and community dynamics, we can gain deeperShow MoreRelatedEssay about Coral Reefs1212 Words   |  5 PagesMacroalgae are frequently the competitive dominant driving phase-shifts, thus â€Å"coral-macroalgal phase-shifts† is widely use d to describe unusually low-levels of coral cover and a persistent state of high macroalgal cover. There have been a number of studies and reviews describing the negative effects of macroalgae and phase-shifts on coral reefs (Done 1992; Hughes Connell 1999; Hughes et al. 2003; Hughes et al. 2007; McCook et al. 2001; McManus Polsenberg 2004; Birrell et al. 2008; Bruno et al. 2009)Read MoreA Complex Environment Involving Constant Interaction871 Words   |  4 Pagesand epithelial barrier prevent the direct interaction of the contents with underlying layers, but regulate/modulate the passage of contents across the intestinal barrier. IBD is characterized by intestinal inflammation of unknown etiology. Various theories have been proposed to identify the immune cells, microbiome and elucidate pathways leading to chronic intestinal inflammation. 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I came down to this conclusion by understandingRead MoreEssay on Feminism and the Neurological Body by Elizabeth Wilson1226 Words   |  5 PagesMicrostructure of Human Biology on How We View Human Bodies In her essay on â€Å"Psychosomatic: Feminism and the Neurological Body,† Elizabeth Wilson addresses the role of science in the feminist theory and gender studies by arguing that sustained interest in biological detail will have a reorganizing effect on feminist theories of the body. In her argument, Wilson attests that studying the microstructure of our bodies could lead us to explaining, or otherwise rethinking, how we see or understand in what wayRead MoreElectronic Information Resources And Its Usage1348 Words   |  6 PagesElectronic information resources and its usage in the library of institute of microbial technology Chandigarh (Punjab) Gurjeet kaur uppal - Research Scholar Dept of library and information science Gulbarga Universsity Gulbarga, Karnataka Abstract The paper aims to determine the attitude of scientists towards electronic information resources in the library of Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh. The study further aims to investigate the level of satisfaction. The findings reveal thatRead MoreUnknown Microbiology Report876 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of the following study is to determine where the two unknown bacteria acquired in Microbiology lab should be classified in regards to temperature, pH level, and osmoregularity. It is important to classify bacteria in order to identify them. Identification of bacteria is important because they are not only useful but potentially dangerous as well. The identification of bacteria can lead to breakthroughs in healthcare regarding treatment of old and new diseases alike. Identifying bacteriaRead MoreThe Use Of Biogenesis Theory And Its Effect On Microbial Growth1500 Words   |  6 Pages During 1861, Rudolf Virchow made an argumentative hypothesis toward th e spontaneous generation theory with the concept of biogenesis theory which he created. At first it was very hard for him to support his theory since he does not have any scientific proof. However, thanks to the helped and the discovery that Louis Pasteur demonstrated on a flasks, where microorganisms that are presents in the air can contaminate sterile solution, Virchow was finally able to see the big picture and gainRead MoreCan Probiotics Improve Oral Health? 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Coli that caused diarrhea in many of the washing machines. (Rostein). From further investigation they disco vered that 60% of the washing machine had coliformRead MoreLife s Meaning Is What You Make It1750 Words   |  7 Pagesscientific concept would improve everybody’s cognitive toolkit?† Out of the 165 contributors to the book, six submissions answered the question on the basis of human’s significance in the universe. Each writer had a different viewpoint ranging from theories on how it is such an impossible chance for intelligent life to form, therefore humans must be significant, to views on the opposite spectrum that humans and the earth are not special in space, time, or size. All of the articles are well written with

Descriptive Essay The Monster - 1281 Words

The monster giggles while I silently cry. It has curly short brown hair and blue eyes. Its nose is oval with giant, hairy NOSTRILS! Some parts of its skin are bright pink while others beige. It holds me with its two bulging hands, but I can barely endure it. It sits on the moist grass and holds me between its legs. It’s a shame that I had to be captured on such a sunny day. Now if you read the title, you should’ve realized by now that I am a toad, a rather big one. Here’s what happened: One day I was going on a swim with my toadlets in our crystal pond when there was giant THUD. Following it, a giant, hair monster! Luckily, my kids managed to swim away and hide under the leaves in the dirty area, but I stayed and defended our home. The†¦show more content†¦I kick the monster in the throat (which seems to do nothing since it is so fat) out of reflex and do a backwards tuck upwards into the air. Even though I’m a toad, I soar higher up than any frog I’ve ever seen which is quite surprising to me. As I plummet downwards, I realize what I must do. I open my jaws really wide, and the air pushes them even farther apart. I bullet down until I reach the monster. Gulp! My body slowly engulfs around the evil pugey monstrosity. The bigger being shrieks with fear, for it knows it is next. This thing that slowly goes down my digestive track like a boa constrictor tastes kind of good. Soon I crave MORE! The bigger one shrieks with fear, for it knows that it is next. I jump toward it, but since I am now so big I can’t jump merely as high. I’m like a sumo wrestler trying to get a donut on a string. This gives me an idea. As the monster scurries away, I squat on my belly so much I create a spring. When I stop squatting I descend into the air. Acting like a sugar glider, I stretch out my limbs creating a pair of wing like substances, which I use to glide toward the monsters doom. I can barely wait to show my family these new powers. My kids will think I’m a superhero like Supertoad or Spider-frog. I plummet downward faster because of my newly gained weight which is not much of a problem for I can still stretch my jaws. Once again, I plummet towards a yummy monster. Gulp! ThisShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay On Imagine A Cloud735 Words   |  3 Pagestold that I was writing a descriptive essay, I was extremely excited. It would be the first time that I had ever written a descriptive-based paper. Nevertheless, it was a newly-introduced challenge, and I was ready to take it on. â€Å"Okay class†, said the plump teacher standing in the front of the room, â€Å"I have been informed that each of you needs to write an essay for the state.† â€Å"I hope it is about monsters and astronauts!†, the student beside me said. â€Å"Actually, this essay can be about anything thatRead MoreRhinoceros Beetle788 Words   |  4 PagesWeek 2 Essay One Charles. Oryema Question: Worlds within texts often prompt us to question the worlds outside texts. Write an essay in response to this statement with reference to at least one short story you have studied. â€Å"Rhinoceros Beetle† by Susan Hawthorne is a story about a boy’s childhood obsession which becomes a reality when he grows into a man. The story presents ideas and assumptions which viewers can relate toRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1343 Words   |  6 PagesThe following essay is a book review of Frankenstein, which summarizes and evaluates the story. The purpose of this essay is to describe the two important qualities, which are the overview of the plot (including the characters of the book), and the book’s strengths as well as weaknesses. Frankenstein was written by Mary Shelley and is about a young man named Victor who creates his own human through multiple types of science. 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A common goalRead MorePoetry from Linda Thomas and Joan Didion on The Santa Ana Wind811 Words   |  4 PagesCalifornia. She has been writing poems, stories and essays for 25 years. Her writing has appeared in numerous print journals like American Poetry Review. Both writers approach the topic of the Santa Ana winds very differently, although they both wish to inform different people about the effects of the winds. Each author has a different point of view and purpose than the other. Didion wanted to write her essay to show the force of darkness and the monster behind the Santa Ana Winds. Didion’s purpose forRead MoreEssay about The Real Monster in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein991 Words   |  4 PagesIn this essay I will be discussing who really is portrayed as the monster in her gothic horror novel, Frankenstein or â€Å"The Modern Prometheus†. 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There are people that are desperate in life and choose this picturesque setting; the beauty of protruding boulders stippledRead MoreThe Problem Of Deaf Culture1434 Words   |  6 PagesDeaf culture is a way to start this essay. Most people, when they think of deafness, assume that it is nothing more than a disability. This is erroneous because defining what deaf really means, means looking past the definition and looking into the heart of a deaf person, to see equality among us all. Equality among humans isn t controversial, but what is? Cochlear Implantation is controversial. Inserting an int ernal disruption of the deaf culture is controversial. Placing an electronic device in

George Orwell Animal Farm Compared to Russian Revolution Characters and Countries Essay Example For Students

George Orwell Animal Farm Compared to Russian Revolution Characters and Countries Essay Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution have many similarities and ideas. The characters, settings, and the plots are the same. In addition Animal Farm is a satire and allegory of the Russian Revolution, George Orwell meant for it to be that way. My essay will cover the comparison between Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution. Also it will explain why this novel is a satire and allegory to the Revolution. First of all the characters of the farm have a special role in Russian Revolution. The farm itself represents Russia, with its poor conditions and non-responsible leaders. Napoleon, the evil pig who plays Joseph Stalin in real life. Snowball, the leader who gives aid and information to Napoleon and plays the character Lenin on the Russian revolution who was a hand to Joseph Stalin, Old Major as Karl Marx. And who could forget the others like Boxer, who plays the working class, and Molly as White Russia, and of course Mendez 2 the evil dogs of Napoleon who inspire the role as the secret police of Joseph Stalin. Both the novel and Russian Revolution cover the same ideas because of these reasons. In the Russian Revolution an non-responsible leader name Nicholas the second or how people those days refer to him as the Czar was overthrown by a new leader with better ideas and ways to keep Russia alive. Stalin ruled for a great period of time, and so he got kicked out too, this time by his own people. In Animal Farm an old pig named Old Major has a dream about a world where animals rule, there are no differences, all equality, a dream about communism. This same thought applies with the idea of Stalin and his plan in ruling Russia. So when Snowball hears this he and his comrades get ready to attack the government, Mr. Jones also known as the Czar. When he is overthrown Snowball becomes the leader and is betrayed by Napoleon. This event is when Stalin kicks out Lenin. Mendez 3 Animal Farm is a great example of a Political Satire. In Chapter one it tells how the author, George Orwell, feels about the novel. Also it gives reference to the farm and how it relates to Russia. But you can see all the irony in chapter two. Human nature cant handle communism. We are too devious and too demanding for the things we want, we are bossy. From chapter two to the last chapter shows how the novel is irony and in the end has a conclusion that was shown in chapter two. The characters, settings, and plot of Animal Farm are mostly related to the Russian Revolution. For example Napoleon symbolizes Joseph Stalin because they are both are the lawyers of the devil and follow an idea of a certain race or species ruling everything. The farm of course is Russia with their bad conditions and no good government. And last of all the plot tells about the same thing, dictatorship never works! Mendez 4 George Orwell has made good points in his novel relating it to the Russian revolution.

Information Systems Study for Bandon Group Inc. Essay Sample free essay sample

1. IntroductionsBandon Group is a household owned distributer of office equipment. It is celebrated for its good client service. proficient support. and advanced merchandises. and first-class in supplying merchandises with quality and services at cost-efficient monetary value. The Group now has four divisions. and they decentralize to run into the different demands of their local markets. Corporate central office handles the cardinal disposals and information systems support. The primary aim of Bandon Group is to bring forth 10 % net income for the reinvestment. They hope to set up first-class gross revenues organisation and professional service organisation. To accomplish these ends. Bandon Group has taken many steps. As to the information systems. they have administrative information systems. most of which are generic. and in which the metre chink charge package unique for industries. However. the bequest system can non fulfill its growing and enlargement now. Their manager of info rmation engineering has searched for commercial off-the shelf bundle to back up the administrative information system. We will write a custom essay sample on Information Systems Study for Bandon Group Inc. Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page and selected OMD. The OMD system supports meter-based charge. and has Web-based interface. However. it is non built with relational database. which makes the ad hoc hard. Gross saless tools of Bandon Group such as gross revenues prospecting still have many jobs to be solved. The current information systems still lack integrating and create duplicate. Date incompatibilities can besides be seen in the current systems. Furthermore. there are problems with migrating informations. and the cardinal IT staff of Bandon Group is excessively little to work out these jobs. Therefore. Bandon Group is seeking for an ERP solution to finish its information systems. And such a solution will certainly greatly better its information quality and direction ability. ERP – Enterprise Resource Planning Enterprise Resource Planning system. is built on the footing of information engineering. systematic direction thought. for concern decision-makers and staff to run the agencies to supply determination direction platform. Information engineering and the uninterrupted development of direction thought. combined with the merchandise. 2. Overview Of What I Do a. Harmonizing to the internal and external environment and resources. analyzed the feasibleness of the constitution of the ERP system and the scientific development of the strategic aims of the ERP undertaking. B. Determined the concern demands of the ERP. including functional. clip and efficiency demands. c. Analyzed the execution of endeavor direction position and the spread between the ERP systems. develop concern procedure reengineering and direction betterment plan. In the execution procedure. I will go on to work on the diagnosing. place spreads and do concern procedure reengineering plans. criterions and informations direction concern readiness plans specifically by the company to execute. d. Consulting and preparation. The execution of ERP undertaking non merely needs to better cognition and accomplishments. but besides requires proper attitude and behavior alteration. The â€Å"attitude† . â€Å"knowledge† . â€Å"capacity† . â€Å"action† must b e implemented by developing. 3. Reasons For Prosecuting An ERP Solution Bandon Group should prosecute an ERP solution to keep its fight by utilizing the ERP systems to standardise and better procedures. As the competitions in market are acquiring fierce. the external factors determine that Bandon Group must be engaged in e-Business. At the same clip. internal factors of Bandon Group besides contribute to the development of its direction. The bing applications of Bandon Group lack integrating. And the advanced thoughts of ERP integrate the demands of clients outside the endeavors and the concern processes inside the endeavors with the resources from the providers. which reflect the intent of customer-centric and incorporate direction. If Bandon Group can prosecute the ERP solution successfully. it will accomplish fast growing of the Group’s concern and services. and have a important betterment in its information quality. With the development of the Group’s concerns. the bing direction information system has become the company’s constr iction. ERP is certainly the important undertaking for heightening the company’s needs for deriving more competency. And ERP determines the development of the overall scheme of the Group. As a good information systems can non merely increase the efficiency of bing procedures. such as order processing. stock list control. histories having. and so on. but besides automate the manual procedures. the information systems can greatly heighten the concern processes. The objects that Bandon Group hopes to carry through incorporate proficient expertness. effectual client service. merchandise cognition. better defined targeted markets. These aspects can all be accomplished with less cost by following ERC solutions. For illustration. a gross revenues prospecting tool can be really helpful for the creative activity of sale leads. The president of Bandon Group has besides put the apprehension of the client and value-added selling attack client centric as portion of the high-ranking concern way statements. Both of them can be good achieved with the aid every bit ERC as ERF can supply better interaction and more frequent communications between clients and the Group. ERP systems provide enterprises with a incorporate concern direction information platform. and uniformly manage all the resources and information on the internal and external supply concatenation. This sort of integrating can extinguish the separation of sections within the endeavor because of the spread caused by a assortment of information and information silos. Besides. if the ERP system package. client relationship direction ( CRM ) . and supply concatenation direction SCM package integrate together. they will represent a complete e-commerce concern solution. 4. Reasons For Pursing A CRM solution CRM should besides be integrated. so that ERP system can assist the Group to recognize the automatical interact of information between the Group and the clients. which will significantly better the efficiency of the full service concatenation and the client relationship direction. Meanwhile. it can besides represent the comprehensive nexus with the third-part B2B web sites. recognizing the on-line e-commerce. Then the intermediate costs will be mostly decreased. and the Group will hold an improved fight in the market. Bandon Group pays great attending to their reactivity to clients. However. the traditional manner to pass on with clients and supply services to them is less efficient than the ERC solutions. As the rivals are covering with better ERC system. Bandon Group faces challenges to keep its topographic point in its good client services. CRM application should go more centralised and under the control of the nucleus section to diminish the disbursal and do it easy for centralis ed IT to back up this environment. The CRM faculty besides satisfies the 2nd listed end of the company and demands to be implemented every bit shortly as possible to construct upon the already bing relationships with the clients. ERP and CRM can incorporate from the package map and information construction facets. which are explained as follows: a. Customer direction: CRM system and ERP system both require the customers’ basic information. ERP system besides should be able to question the history of communicating with concern clients. while the CRM service faculty can question non merely the history of contacts with concern clients. but besides the customer’s service history ; B. Product direction: CRM system and ERP system both use the basic merchandise information. BOM tabular array. merchandise constellation and customized quotation marks. etc ; c. Workflow direction: Although CRM system and ERP system both have work flow direction. but there are differences in the involved countries: CRM chiefly referred to the market. clients. and its work flow is around the client ; but ERP is more involved in the production. industry and supply. so that companies can command them ; 4. Staff Management: CRM system and ERP system must be involved in the basic conditions of employees and organisation of work. but clearly the range of the direction of CRM system is much smaller. The other manner unit of ammunition. the ERP sy stem makes a comparatively comprehensive human resources direction ; 5. Marketing Management: ERP selling is merely to supply some cardinal market information and selling stuffs. comparatively simple. while the CRM provides really comprehensive selling and direction maps. with peculiar accent on one to one selling thoughts ; 6. Gross saless Management: CRM system stresses the procedures in the gross revenues direction and pays attending to the chance direction. one to one direction. contact direction. etc. But ERP system puts greater accent on consequences. and pays attending to selling programs and gross revenues public presentation. etc. ; 7. Customer Service and Support: ERP system offers a simple record of client ailments and resolves the state of affairs. and non comprehensively manages the client services and supports. But CRM achieves this overall direction. with peculiar accent on client attention ; 8. Order direction: ERP and CRM both have order direction. They can said to overlap. but this convergence is built on top of the ERP. because the production program order is an input variable ; 9. Information exchange: the exchange of information is merely like a general statement. Many users of CRM and ERP systems need to question each other’s systems. Based on the above analysis for the ERP a nd CRM systems on functional faculties. and on the rules of consolidation of strong maps. incorporate ERP and CRM. 5. Analysis Of The Current Situation It’s a strength that Bandon Group has taken attempts to put up a direction system and have the long-run development scheme. Then the leaders of the Group have to have the will to make progressive reform. And we can see that the direction of the Bandon Group has done this well. However. they still have to have a clearer end and seek to be more united. Bandon Group’s strengths in expertness can be played out better by utilizing ERC solutions as it can do the technicians portion the expertness and communicate with each other more handily. As Bandon wins in its competitory environment by cost-efficient monetary values in regional markets. it can heighten this strength by diminishing the costs. Their bing administrative information systems are excessively old to accommodate to the new environment and has small invention and competency. In the current. an endeavor should hold a better ERC solution to derive its competency in the ferocious environment. so it is non plenty to m erely choose the OMD system. Furthermore. OMD was non built with a relational database which resulted in the hard ad-hoc question and coverage. It lacked flexibleness. and excessively complex for the directors to reassign informations infusions to the microcomputer-based database files from it. As to the gross revenues prospecting tool. since the OMD and Pivotal were non integrated. the datasets between them got incompatibilities and made duplicate of consequence in keeping them. Duplication besides happened between divisions in different topographic points. Gross saless representatives in different countries created their ain local chance databases. which wasted the human and resources. Division presidents in different countries besides adopted different solutions. and they felt the applications were excessively expensive to fulfill their alone demands. The IT section was excessively little to supply full support for the day of the month migration. web. technique. and preparation. All divisions of Bandon Group are endeavoring for bigger portion in their local market and better services. so they get the same end. Their information can be better integrated by which the cost can be greatly decreased. However. the integrating of information needs the engineering of IT. As Internet is common these yearss and it can do life more convenient. Bandon Group should set a higher precedence to develop web based services to accomplish better services. As Bandon Group has a batch of subdivisions all over the universe. the execution of ERP is really complex. So it seemed better to prosecute the ERP solution harmonizing to different geographical country and split into multiple stages. However. this method proved to make duplicate of attempt. sub-optimize the result. and do a great trade of excess disbursal. Bandon Group has to increase integrating of information in the hereafter. And it is necessary for it to unite the web services with traditional lines of concern. The bing OMD besides has two restrictions. It can non measure for non-copier related services or handle on-line minutess. which makes the metre reading map non be able to play out its full portion. Gross saless theoretical account may be integrated with: CRMFiscal AccountingMaterials ManagementHuman ResourcesQuality ManagementControlingPlaningAssess current concern procedures.Needs appraisal.Business justification.Tangible and intangible benefits.Requirements analysis:Identify concern procedures to be supportedâ€Å"Best practices† offered by a scope of sellersModels of supported mapsChecklist of activities and factors. VanillaMain parts of ERC system:a. Gross saless and marketing systems ( Order processing. pricing analysis. gross revenues tendency prediction ) Identifying clientsB. Fabrication and production system ( Machine control. production planning. installations location ) Assembling the merchandisesc. Finance and accounting systems ( histories receivable. budgeting. net income planning ) Making fiscal statementsd. Human resources systems ( Training and development. compensation analysis. human resources be aftering ) Hiring employees Manage merchandise planningPartss buyingInventoriesInteracting with providersSupplying client serviceTracking orders 6. Excutive RecommendationsBandon Group can utilize the supply concatenation faculty to accomplish the demand balance by join forcesing the e-procurement and provider. such as machine-controlled procurance. automated replenishement and so on. utilizing the concern intelligence faculty to assist the Group to do determinations. The Group should adhere to the invention of the direction and intensify the reform of the endeavor. At the same clip. comprehensively implement the recombining of concern procedures. in order to better the nucleus fight of the Group. It besides has to incorporate the external resources with the internal flows. and knows that the cardinal point of ERP is to run into the direction needs. The Bandon Group should besides develop a realistic end for the ERP undertaking. The implementing organisation of ERP undertaking should be set up. The basic direction of the Group should be complete. which requires the adequateness of the regulations and the smooth execution of t he policies. As the base of implementing the ERP solution successfully is the day of the month direction. informations should be dependable. and paperss should be complete. Employees should understand the necessity and urgency of the pursuing of ERP undertaking. So some preparations are necessary. It is besides necessary for Bandon Group to take the right package and package provider to collaborate with. What demand to make in an ERP solution: ( 1 ) Design of the information platform and proficient architecture a. to standardise the system-wide information engineeringsIn the Group’s procedures of information building. in order to enable the information treating systems to interchange informations. and recognize the sharing of information. Bandon Group has to set up a system of information which can be identified by the different information processing system in the Group. enabling the information can be transferred swimmingly and easy. such as unvarying fiscal accounting regulations. To steer the company’s information engineering on the footing of a incorporate criterion can guarantee the consistence of the company-wide information engineering building. and avoid unneeded duplicate of investing and islands of information in the procedure of constructing the information engineering investing. b. to set up the paradigm of the information systems group integrated platform At present the Group’s ERP platform can construct up the paradigm of the fiscal system. distribution systems. buying and gross revenues systems. existent estate gross revenues systems. human resources direction. and public presentation assessment direction. Presently. merely the fiscal faculty applications. fiscal direction systems. micro-credit faculty will hold been finished wholly. Integrated information platform to the fiscal nucleus. and the concern processes with basic blocks to organize an incorporate and efficient fiscal operations strict platform. 3. Network security edifice Network security has ever been the weak nexus. In order to protect the security of informations and web flow. the Group has to guarantee the physical informations security from the purchase of hardware firewalls. storage waiters. tape drives. etc ; do certain the firewall’s VPN capablenesss. anti-virus package. backup package engineering and logical system to protect informations security and web security. 4. Infrastructure Based on the bing web. make some uninterrupted betterment and replace the nucleus switches. which can non merely better the concern efficiency. but besides save the administrative costs. Use â€Å"vanilla† ERP for nucleus systems and construct customized faculties for others. Increase handiness of operational informations and have better usage of informations for analysis. 7. IT Plans For Bandon Group The full ERP system will dwell of three parts: the operational system. operational support system and endeavor portal. The ERC system should run into these demands:To incorporate internal and external resources: production allows companies and sections to portion information. to avoid drawn-out procedures and production direction blind musca volitanss ; incorporating of supply concatenation resources to better their nucleus fight. To rapidly run into customer’s demand: the market and client information. order information. merchandises and client service feedback procedure through the ERP system analysis. and timely bringing to the ERP system and corporate planning sections. heighten the dynamic response capablenesss. full reflect the demands of fabrication companies harmonizing to market the thought. To better customer’s satisfaction: to beef up client trueness and trust. to further beef up the customer-centric concern doctrine. To better cost direction and net income. and to make loss analysis of efficiency: the merchandise. stock list. and buying. administrative costs of the four procedures of full control to guarantee that the Group maximizes the benefits. To develop new and extremely integrated software-based system: to construct up more intelligent concern and scientific direction. The system should be developed harmonizing to the demand of easy operation. friendly interface and flexible usage safety. It is a client relationship direction system. Harmonizing to Bandon Group’s overall concern development scheme. conbined with the operating system. mechanism. direction. invention and engineering. the ERP system have to go on to do full usage of modern information engineering. On the footing of the established information system integrating. Bandon Group should put up and organize a comprehensive information system which meet the demands of the Group’s collaborating operations. efficient direction and scientific decision-making requires. The ERP solutions of the Bandon Group should cover concern. services. direction and other facets. and base on different functions to open up to the upstream providers and users from the external facet. and open up to all the employees from the internal facet. so that it can supply effectual agencies to develop inform ation resources. speed up the flow of information and portion the information resources. Bandon Group should besides take steps to advance concern procedures. better and optimise the direction and decision-making methods to back up new concern development. bettering the overall invention. economic efficiency and market fight. Then the Group’s operations direction will be efficaciously promoted. Based on client development. direction. operation and care centre. the Group should construct up the concern system with operational efficiency. service criterions. and service quality. and convey the nature of concern minutess into a incorporate concern system. It belongs as portion of an integrated information system. is the anchor of integrated information system architecture. and other related systems with a xanthous design and play a cardinal function. Since early in the information engineering. the overall deficiency of demand to construct the overall analysis and planning has resulted in the frequent usage of information systems. and each system has a batch of basic informations can non be shared usage. the application truth and efficiency of usage of a more large impact. Should be lessons learned and to the full understand the company’s information engineering demands. find the information eng ineering general thought of the state of affairs and information demands in-depth analysis of the overall point degree information architecture for overall planning and a phased. planned execution of the deployment. to guarantee informations standardisation. concern procedure optimisation. and integrating and sharing of information resources. System-wide concern system is the core portion of the whole system. It is based on concern direction system and service direction system. and supported by logistics direction systems. CRM direction systems. on-line promenade. communicating platform. and so on. With the combination of assorted systems. we can pull off and back up the concerns of full scope. which will efficaciously advance the optimisation of concern procedures. better operational efficiency of the transportation. and back up new concern development. Business support system is a system to protect concern system. including determination support system. undertaking direction system. fiscal systems. administrative office system. and human resources system. Business support system provide the support direction and information for the concern system. At the same clip. it besides has a separate direction map. Enterprise portal is the information system interface and show platform. including endeavor portals and outside the endeavor portal. Enterprise portal for internal staff. outside the endeavor portal for revenue enhancement clients. providers. clients and channel distributers. The portal platform is divided into functional faculties harmonizing to application needs the public version of the faculty and other faculties. the public version of the faculty are for the system. other faculties are optional faculties. the platform needs to put different functions harmonizing to different functional faculties and interface to ease different functions of specific operations. The nucleus database systems in support of. the exchange flow through the interface of the Corporation. with the realisation of efficient direction of information engineering. Under the protection of the security cheque. on-line banking informations through middleware such as an external moorage system. and co-operation. the combined sum of all employees based on single rights in different places. integrity will be authorized to see the different direction faculty. direction authorization. informations sharing permissions. This can be achieved to make a company-wide individuality direction system in full engagement. In the following five old ages. Bandon Group has a batch of things to make to put up its ERC system: to screen out the concern processes. to incorporate the group-wide distribution concern informations. to develop the direction of human resources. to guarantee informations security. to understand the organisational construction. to standardise the information. to set up a n incorporate information platform. and develop the system integrating plans. Execution of the plans should finally construct up a incorporate information application platform which integrates the bing functionality faculties of information systems. and achieve: smooth informations flow ; office mechanization. teleworking. coaction ; document direction. workflow direction ; the constitution of information transmittal and feedback mechanism which guarantee information transportation truth and seasonableness ; the integrating with the bing fiscal systems. and the constitution of fiscal budget direction system. fiscal direction system ; gradual constitution of endeavor informations warehouse. the footing for decision-making. and eventually the progressive realisation of e-commerce. Now. the most of import end of Bandon Group is to increase its gross revenues. so gross revenues and selling systems are put in the first topographic point. The 2nd consideration of Bandon Group is the client services. So to implement web-based services has a higher prior. As a large g roup. Bandon Group hopes to better ists disposal processs. which can greatly maintain the consistence and better the efficiency of the Group. Harmonizing to the analysis above. and sing the gross revenues methods of Bandon Group. we set down the orders of ERP execution as follows: The chief procedures to construct up ERP system in Bandon Group in 5 old ages: The first phrase: set the accents on beef uping the Group’s market fight. finish the basic model of the ERP system which focuses on the finance. gross revenues. and material supplies. And utilize the distant web to pull off the gross revenues web efficaciously. By commanding the internal logistics. capital flow. information flow uniformly and comprehensively. farther enhance the internal direction of the endeavor and apportion the internal resources decently. so that the Group can diminish its operating costs. The 2nd phrase: focal point on the decrease of operating cost. Through the tight control of the operating procedure. cut down the resource ingestion and cost. The 3rd phrase: comprehensively better the direction quality of the Group. Referred to as CRM. Customer Relationship Management is a development scheme that â€Å"regard client as the centre† . As it is built for the endeavors to better the client satisfaction and trueness. heighten the nucleus fight. and achieve the ends of deriving triumph in the competitions and fast growing. it’s necessary for Bandon Group to follow CRM. Bandon Group should besides recognize the integrating of CRM and ERP system. and organize the network-oriented information application platform of the direction of the Group. 8. Package Evaluation Business development schemes of an endeavor and its concern demands determine the pick of what sort of ERP. After analysis. we think an ERP solution should run into the undermentioned demands: a. Use pathes to link different applications and databases. guaranting the independency of the application without modifying the application concern logic of their ain. This method can besides work out the job of informations sharing. B. Share the concern informations theoretical account for nucleus processing and support. c. Automate the concern processes. Ensure that all sections use different systems and can work together to finish the shared aim. d. Support the uninterrupted alterations in application architecture. The system should be easy re-formulated to increase or take without impacting other systems. e. Provide real-time interface and batch interfaces. and provide synchronal and asynchronous interfaces. f. Ensure the security of informations. and merely the finish application can read them. g. Ensure good public presentation and informations throughput. every bit good as scalability with the flexibleness to accommodate to the development of endeavors. h. Have a recovery mechanism which starts when the information connexion is lost during transmittal and other abnormalcies can guarantee informations recovery. I. Provides predefined generic theoretical accounts and industry theoretical accounts for the procedure direction. J. Not merely supply real-time interface and batch interfaces. but besides provide synchronal and asynchronous interfaces. Reasonable customization is necessary. so the pick of ERP system should non merely concentrate on the comparing of the sum. but besides on the more customization costs. Comparisons between chief ERP systems: Microsoft CRM bundle lacked integrating with the OMD databases and runing system. SAP has diverse maps. and associations between different faculties are really strong. Therefore. it is expensive and hard to implement. So. it is more suited for the endeavors with better direction and larger graduated table. As the world’s taking database seller. Oracle has a dominant place by set uping a model in its ain informations. Its core strength lies in its integrating and unity. These strengths are integrated in a proficient system. which makes it go a good pick for the endeavors which demand high integrating. SSA’s BPCS system designs with smart functionality and great flexibleness of usage. Each faculty contains a figure of user-defined parametric quantities of design characteristics. which makes the system can be combined and cut to run into the particular demands of users. SSA designed solutions for users to rapidly implement the system plan. which reduces the execution clip cost and hazard cost. Because of BPCS’s powerful customization characteristics. the users who implement BPCS do non necessitate to abandon the original work templet. and can cut or unite the system harmonizing to the user’s finished work. So SSA enables the ERP to be applied in a short clip. As we have analyzed the different ends and demands of Bandon Group every bit good as what the assorted bundles can fulfill. we have decided for the Bandon Group what bundle to utilize. We think mySAP CRM is the best solution for Bandon Group. Here are some grounds: a. MySAP is non merely an incorporate system but besides a standardised system. which good satisfies the pressing demands for integrating and standardisation of Bandon Group. B. It has better compatibility to the third-party platform. c. Rich maps and run into about all the demands of Bandon Group. d. mySAP CRM is a complete. customer-centralized. e-business solution. The most of import. mySAP CRM’s chief advantage is its big and heavy system customization maps. The customization system includes about all points of contact: the Internet. call centres. electronic mail. facsimile. mail. and face to confront personal contact. At the same clip. mySAP CRM provides concerns with scalability characteristics. SAP Netweaver engineering platform to open easy and mySAP CRM to SAP or SAP’s e-commerce. supply concatenation planning and executing. fiscal direction. human resources and strategic concern direction and intelligent life is connected. So. an endeavor merely necessitate to understand the basic regulations of mySAP CRM. and can happen the constellation they need rapidly. MySAP CRM enables users to name â€Å"full entree to relentless information. † The interaction centre system allows the user by phone. facsimile. E-mail. web site and other agencies to maintain in touch with clients. Meanwhile. gross revenues. selling. client service can entree multi-channel market informations and analysis consequences. including via nomadic devices such as laptops. nomadic phones and PAD utilizing mySAP CRM. MySAP CRM enables companies in gross revenues. selling. service procedure to maintain gait with client interactions to assist companies optimise the beginning of information to better understand client tendencies. and enable endeavors to co-suppliers. spouses and clients work together to better the production procedure. run into client demands. Thankss to all the characteristics of information sharing. A assortment of information can be read. processed. reproduced and disseminated through the full mySAP Business Suite environment in a consistent. intelli gent manner. MySAP CRM needs the endeavors to hold good concern direction substructure. and Bandon Group satisfies this well. The faculties chosen for execution in order of precedence are: 1. Finance2. Gross saless A ; Distribution3. mySAP CRM4. Materials Management DecisionsThe current OMD system of Bandon Group had a properness database which makes it difficult for integrating. and lacks the foundation of administrative systems. Therefore. we conduct this MIS survey for Bandon Group Inc. to assist it implement an ERP system which includes CRM solutions. And after elaborate analysis. we choose mySAP CRM and believe the customization maps of it can be an betterment in the hereafter applications. However. ERP system is non complete overnight. It should place jobs and work out jobs in changeless usage in pattern. continuously bettering itself. Therefore. Bandon Group should besides put up a system of rating and betterment to guarantee the execution effects of ERP. Mentions [ 1 ] Chen. I. J. Planing for ERP systems: Analysis and future tendency. Business Process Management Journal 7 ( 5 ) . 2001. [ 2 ] EJ Umble. RR Haft. Enterprise resource planning: Execution processs and critical success factors. European Journal of Operational Research. 2003. [ 3 ] Gefen. D. Nurturing clients’ trust to promote engagement success during the customization of ERP systems. Omega. 2002. [ 4 ] Hawking. P. A ; McCarthy. B. Industry Collaboration: A Practical Approach for ERP Education. 4th Australasian Calculating Education Conference. Melbourne. 2000. [ 5 ] Holland. C. . Light. B. A critical success factors model for ERP execution. IEEE Software. 1999. [ 6 ] Kramer. M. What Are Customer-Centric Analytic Applications? Patricia Seybold Group Strategic Research Service. 2002. [ 7 ] MI Kramer. Comparing CRM Architectures. Patricia Seybold Group Strategic Research Service. 2008. [ 8 ] SAP. mySAP Business Suite. hypertext transfer protocol: //www/mysap. com/solutions/

Ancient Mexico essays

Ancient Mexico essays Ancient Mexico, an overview, by Jaime Litvak King is a book about the history about Mexico. She begins the book with the very beginnings of Mexican civilization and through all the hardships the Indians had to endure with the invasion of Spanish conquistadors and Hernan Cortes. In my opinion the importance of the history is tremendous. As a native Mexican, I personally was fascinated with the history of my people and my heritage. Being part Aztec, learning the history of the Aztec Indians was the most beneficial to me. The subject matters of certain chapters in the book were quite interesting. As stated earlier, being part Aztec, the chapters concerning the Aztec Indians were the most influential chapters. At the same time, learning about the other cultures that intermingled with my ancestors was just as exciting. King goes into great detail concerning ancient artifacts that help date the numerous societies that roamed the land. The Olmec built the first pyramid in Ancient Mexico, sometime around 1000 B.C. King continues to go into specifics about the different cities throughout the Aztec empire. She going into greater detail about Teotihuacan, a city where there are two large pyramids, one for the moon and the other for the sun. In its time, from about A.D. 100 to 750, Teotihuacan was the undisputed center of Mesoamerican life. In its heyday it was the largest city in the world, not just in Mesoamerica. Other cities included, Monte Alban, Tikal, and Palenque. The pottery of the different Mesoamerican cultures also plays a large part in Kings book. She shows pictures of pottery and figurines found in almost every major civilization throughout the Mesoamerican region. She talks about the different styles used and how each area had a very unique form which varied in color, graphics, and materials used. Its pottery, a thin orange ware and a brown, cylindrical, stick-...

Sample Essay

Sample Essay Sample Essay is a website providing students with free essay writing tips. It is time to start working on admission essays. It becomes much easier to write your own essays if you have a sample admission essayas an example. College admission essays writing are very important, creating the only chance you have to tell the committees who you are. Good sample essay gives you an idea about attractive admission essay writing. That person you describe in the essay will come off as phony, superficial, exaggerated, and boring. Writing admission essay do everything in your power - describe yourself, your goals, your achievements. Your English college essay writing gives the admission committee an idea about who you are and why you should be chosen. Do not neglect the importance of sample essay provided below. Sample Admission Essays Admission essays sample about personal achievements and community service: ...In the Urban Health Care Program I did an elective at Women in Crisis, a program in Harlem for women with HIV/AIDS. I did workshops in churches, beauty parlors, and nail salons. I stood on corners distributing condoms and literature. I talked to women for hours, not just about HIV/AIDS but also about other issues affecting their health and/or well-being: self-esteem, safe sex, drug/alcohol abuse, the importance of an education. The following summer, I also participated in the AMSA/NHSC Health Promotion/Disease Prevention Project at the Institute for Urban Family Health in New York City. I developed lower literacy material on a variety of health topics. During my clerkships, I believe that I was able to bring all my skillsand caring to fusion. Patients at all age levels and genders seemed to take to me. My most rewarding clerkship (among many successful ones) was an elective I did at the Phillips Family Practice at Jefferson Medical College. I felt like a doctor, perhaps the way they were portrayed in old movies: like a family confidante, like a friend. I worked in an office and even made (my pleasure) home visits. I spoke to middle-aged patients about Diabetes and Hypertension and to adolescents about sex, social, or cultural issues - the death of a rap star, for example, why an eight-year-old shouldn't be drinking Kool-Aid. At Phillips, I felt that my life's sum was sending a resounding message: Family Practice would be my choice. But with a heart!... Check this out: Did you like the above sample? We can write a unique admission paper for you as well! All admission essays we deliver are original and customized. Thus, you get guaranteed results with our writing help. Interesting topics: Informative and Surprising Essay Conclusion Writing English Essay Writing Parts of a Thesis Term Paper on Cholesterol and Lipids

Critically Appraising Quantitative Studies Research Paper

Critically Appraising Quantitative Studies - Research Paper Example are true for the people in the study while external validity is the reflection to the target population by the study for people who are not included in the study. Biases that may lead to internal invalidity include statistical analysis, withdrawals and dropouts, blinding, data collection methods, allocation bias, confounding, intervention integrity. Internal validity occurs in unbiased results and only internally viable research can be generalized ensuring external validity. Reliability denotes the amount of trust that can be given to a research and is therefore a measure of the likelihood for reproducing the same research (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2010). This is determined using statistical techniques relating to frequency of occurrence of chance and uncertainty of an observation. The threshold for chance use to check for reliability is 5% where a research phenomenon is reliable if it occurred more than 5% and its occurrence is therefore not by chance. Applicability is the extent to which the results obtained can have an impact on practice where contrast is made against statistical significance. This entails checking if the research will generate any difference on the users of the research. The most important factor is validity because applicability is dependent on reliability and validity but results can be reliable but not valid making them unable to be generally applied. It is also more important because reliability is a necessary condition for validity however it is not a sufficient condition. In conclusion, it is more important where the research outcome is both reliable and valid for the best research

Water, Agriculture and Irrigation Simulation for CROPS Statistics Project

Water, Agriculture and Irrigation Simulation for CROPS - Statistics Project Example Temperatures are at the highest in the month of July and August with temperatures reaching high as 40  Ã‚ °C. Temperatures are recorded the lowest in late January and early February with temperatures reaching less than 5 °C. ETO is highest in the month of June to July with records reaching up to 7mm. The month of December and January record the least ET0 at an average of 1mm a day. The ideal period to grow crops in Cordoba is from January after which they will take 4 months to be harvested. The major climatic constraints include high temperatures. Cordoba experiences high temperatures in the mid year. The increasing temperatures occur in the summer season after which most of the crops have already been harvested. Increasing Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is also high from June to December and is increasing at an increasing rate. Carbon dioxide should not be directly proportional to the oxygen released to the atmosphere. Increase in carbon in the atmosphere lead to low productiv ity. Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere may have direct impact on agriculture productivity. This may also lead to extreme weather. A warmer climate could bring low rainfall which results to low water availability. The maize sown on 15th February yielded 2.726 with a biomass of 8.388 ton/ha with a potential biomass of 18.314 ton/ha both in ratio of 46% with a water productivity of 1.01kg yield per m3 evapotranspired. Canopy Cover (CC) of the maize sown in 15th February increased from 0 to 96% at the 15th day to 40th day and reduced from 85th day up to 111th day.

Problem Solving ; Critical Thinking - Hdlt Essay Example for Free

Problem Solving ; Critical Thinking Hdlt Essay This adaptation is tested through fresh, innovative learning environments and higher expectations. Let us first determine critical thinking and problem solving and see how are these phenomenon interrelated with each other and the role both these skills play in our lives. Critical thinking (CT) is defined as â€Å" intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing and /or evaluating information gathered from or generated by observations, experiences, reflections, reasoning or communication as a guide to belief and action. Scriven Paul, 2007, P 1). Thus simply put, CT is metacognition or thinking about thinking. Problem-solving (PS) is a mental process that involves ascertaining, investigating and solving problems. The eventual objective of problem-solving is to overcome hindrances and find a solution that best resolves the issue. These problems could range from simply crossing the road and reaching safely on the other side without getting hurt by the oncoming vehicles or solving a Sudoku puzzle or figure out a estimated expenses of a trip or in case of a child, solving a multiplication sum given in the class. The term problem solving ( P S) in educational settings would involve solving well-structured text book problems which are poles apart from ill structured problems which are encountered in everyday life. Thus we can see that in order to effectively solve a problem, one may require to engage with it and critically think about it to find the best solution. Let us now look at certain important broad themes and specific problem solving processes used by children Broad themes 1. Task analysis – details of steps taken to actually solve problems. For example a child adds 2 multi digit numbers, the actual process starting with adding the numbers in the right most column, writing ones digit as a part of the answer, carrying over the tens digit ( if it is so ) †¦ so on and so forth. Task analysis helps in identifying the exact places where child might be encountering difficulty in solving the problem, the nature of the difficulty. Thus it gives an insight into the manner in which the child solves problems; and thus provides scope for rectification. 2. Means – End analysis Using this methodology, one solves a problem by considering the obstacles that stand between the initial problem state and the goal state. The path to reaching the goal can be achieved by accomplishing smaller sub goals. When all of the sub goals have been achieved – when all of the obstacles are out of the way – then the main goal of interest has been achieved. Thus, means-ends analysis can be seen as a search strategy in which the long-range goal is always kept in mind to guide problem solving. 3. Encoding – this literally means identifying critical information in order to build internal representations. Thus it is very important to train the child to filter out the relevant data from the all the available information. Many children fail because they are not thought how to encode critical information and utilize it. Important processes of Problem Solving- 1. Planning this is future directed PS, most often used in difficult and new situations. But most often the novelty of the situation also ensures that children often forget to plan. 2. Route Planning this is done in order to select a most efficient route in order to reach a destination. Children as early as one year of age start showing the development of this ability. Example – an adult figuring out his way in order to reach a new destination; after looking at various maps. The route is figured out post route planning. 3. Causal Inference many a times problem solving is an attempt to understand the cause of a phenomenon. Humans are curious by nature. A two year old will constantly be in the endeavor to know â€Å"why things happen†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ why do birds fly, whereas animals don’t? so on and so forth. 4. Analogical Reasoning In problem solving this is predominantly concerned with systemic correspondences, where a solution to a known problem may be applied to solving a structurally similar problem. Analogical reasoning improves with maturation and increase in content knowledge. According to Piaget’s stages of development analogical reasoning only starts developing in the pre operational stage ( ages 2 -7) and gets occasional limited success in concrete operational stage(7-11) and becomes fully developed by formal operational stage (age 11 through adulthood) Stage I (Preoperational) egocentric responses using idiosyncratic relations. IA children were unable to form lower-order relations IB some children able to form lower-order relations, but unable to form analogies Stage II (concrete operational) occasional, limited success IIA trial-and-error success on analogies, inability to resist false counter-suggestions IIB consistent success on analogies, but inconsistent ability to resist false counter-suggestions Stage III (formal operational) Success on all aspects of the tasks. Criticism of Piaget – Goswami Brown reasoned that children might fail Piagets tasks because they lack knowledge of the relations entailed. On this view, children ought to be able to solve classical analogy problems provided the analogies are based on familiar relations. Practice in analogical reasoning improved young children’s spontaneous formation of analogies. 5. Scientific reasoning: Children question everything as a basic premise,they want to know the why , how of everything; but they are also hugely influenced by the beliefs that they see are carried around them. Whenever they actually do something on their own, they do develop an understanding and rationality regarding the same phenomenon. For example a child understands that sugar takes less time to dissolve in hot milk rather than cold milk. Thus, when they indulge in activities, experiment they develop scientific and logical reasoning. 6. Logical reasoning It is when a child can apply logical rules in order to solve problems. Logical reasoning requires the child to link each alternative to the main problem by strong reasoning. They may also require using logical structure If , Then . for example if a child has to climb up two floors, he could either use the lift or the stairs. If the escalator lift for some reason is not working, then either the child could wait till the lifet starts working or take the stairs. The choices have to be logically reasoned out. Both analogical and logical reasoning develop gradually over early and middle childhood whereas scientific reasoning does take more time to develop and take shape as it is much enhanced by experience. Along with certain important processes used in PS some of the others are – Symbolic representation as tools Rule based problem solving etc. Above we have also looked at Piagetian perspective on PS. Let us also look at the Vyogotsky’s perspective on the same. Lev Vygotsky gave some novel ideas regarding childrens learning and their problem solving abilities. 1. Zone of Proximal development (ZPD) This is the zone where learning takes place. This zone represents the difference the between what the child can achieve on its own and what it can achieve with the help of others. In order, for learning to occur, the elder or peer must provide a challenge that is beyond the child’s own capabilities and yet be assisted. Thus assisted learning or peer learning is an important aspect of children developing the PS abilities. If children have done a task with an adult or under the guidance of an adult (ZPD) they tend to show improvement whilst performing as opposed to those who were attempting it for the first time ( Piaget’s discovery learning ). Vyogotsky also pointed towards the importance of private speech in children, whenever confronted with a novel problem. This speech could be their method of engaging with the problem. As children grow up and get better at symbolic interpretation, this private speech diminishes. Now let us look at how a constructivist classroom helps children in enhancing their PS abilities. Constructivist approaches to learning attempt to generate environments where learners are actively engaged in their surroundings and environments that help them to construct and develop their own understanding, reasoning and knowledge, rather than the teacher interpreting their world for them. The learners interaction with the environment and with the subject matter at hand results them in having their own view about the subject. Thus we can see that collaborative learning is the hallmark of a constructivist classroom. For example – group of students in a chemistry class are learning about properties of organic salts. Instead of directly stating the properties, the teacher will devise questions which will engage the students in challenging their previous knowledge, link it to the other phenomenon that they have already been studying and generate a new level of understanding regarding the topic. During the discussions and promptings, when one student comes with the relevant concept, the teacher would cash on it and hint to the group to further explore this concept. Late, she would sum up ay concluding what the class has learnt, what helped and what did not help them in constructing new knowledge. Question – The biggest question for me is the teaching methodology. In most of the schools, that me and my colleagues have visited during our practicum, we inevitably noticed that instead of focusing on teaching the students how to think, rationalize, develop an understanding. The focus is on what they should think? Conclusion By providing them everything like â€Å"ready to eat meals†, we seal them from developing their own understanding. In a class room setting children, still encounter structured problems, in real life settings children will be coming across many ill structured problems. The aim of education must be to prepare them for encountering the challenges that they would face everyday. They have to be trained to adequately use their problem solving abilities within the classroom as well as outside it. References – Taylor, L, (2005). Introducing cognitive development. Taylor and Francis: Psychology Press. (Chapter: Thinking and reasoning). Siegler ; Alibali (2005). Chapter 10: Problem-Solving (pp 341-380). Synder L. ; Synder J. Teaching critical thinking and Problem solving skills, The Delta Pi Epsilon Journal, Volume L, No. 2, Spring/Summer, 2008

Living a Pluralistic Way of Life Who Sees Diversities as a Connection t

"Culture", as a word, fits with a group of words that do not have just one definition or meaning, but multiple. With a diverse population prevailing in the United States today, our country is a melting pot of diverse cultures, every distinctive in its own respect. Culture is distinguishing one social group from another, including beliefs, language, traditions, art, food, religion and economic systems. Through lifelong and ever altering processes of learning, and sharing, culture shapes our patterns of behavior and thinking. A culture’s significance is so philosophical that it touches almost every aspect of who and what we are. As Henslin once said â€Å"Culture becomes the lens through which we perceive and evaluate what is going on around us.† It becomes who we are and how we see things differently from the people of a different nationality. In Warren St. John’s Outcasts United, culture is an important aspect that plays a significant role throughout the book and challenges the refugees in their daily lives. Having a pluralistic society can influence the behavioral and thinking styles of the people living around them. Some of these people may learn from the diverse range of cultures to find faults in their own living styles and try to better improve them. The Liberian’s, the Middle Easterner’s and the African’s are some of the examples of how one’s culture can impact lives of the people living around them. Starting a new life in a different culture is not easy, but instead, it is very hard to overcome some of the challenges that one may encounter. When visitors first arrive to a striving country, like America, they are excited to live the life they have been dreaming about for years. But after a certain amount of time, they start fee... ...ge that benefits every single individual. Clarkston, Georgia gave thousands of refugees a home to live in; they provided the immigrants with their basic necessities. Some of these new cultures that impacted the society to a certain limit were Middle Eastern, African, and the Liberians. The people in Clarkston got exposed to a lot of diversity around them which brought a lot of change into society caused by the various range of people living there. While some changes were beneficial, the others were not so good. However, in the end Clarkston symbolized a perfect model pluralistic society for others to look at and be appreciative. People should be acceptable to change; you never know, it could change your life forever in a moral way. A good way to look at culture through your eyes is to â€Å"see the world’s variety as a blessing rather than a burden† (The Aga Khan).

The Brief Wondrous

To experience passionate feelings for the first time is invigorating, maybe on the grounds that it increases to a startling level of self-change. We're all impacted by our loved ones, however a few of us all the more so. Evident in the novel, The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, there are some people in the world who have extreme attachment and stress-related anxiety with being left alone, also known as Oscar in the story, ask themself of their own happiness. When the author, Junot Diaz, writes about self-growth throughout the novel, he explained that sometimes self-development can force you towards unfortunate propensities, making you more on edge, and even confused. In entering a relationship, there's a possibility that you might turn into someone you might not wish to become; which often causes individuals to make illogical decisions that configures their lives, in this case, Oscar being the individual making irrational decisions. Oscar had girlfriends as early as the age of seven, he was dating two girls from his school both Maritza Chacon and Olga Polanca at the same time. In spite of the three way relationship between the young lovers being an actual thing, it only lasted for a week. One day after school, Maritza wanted to face reality and confronted Oscar saying, â€Å"It's either her or me!†(Page14,Chapter1), Oscar being the player that he was with his Dominican Republic blood at age seven, wanted to share, having the best of both worlds, but Maritza wasn't accepting any of Oscar's nonsense. Maritza was different from the other girls Oscar had interacted with. She was beautiful and easy going with the guys, while the other girlfriend, Olga was unattractive and quiet. So it was pretty easy for Oscar to choose who to be with, Maritza. Only to be dumped not even a week after Oscar had dumped Olga! Oscar was doleful. So heartbroken to the fact that, he did not interact with another girl for years. After the whole situation of being dumped by Maritza, over the next couple of years Oscar became depressed, leaning towards food for comfort, in the end leading him to obesity, and when he got into the stage of early adolescence no one could really call him that cute little Dominican Republic boy anymore. Oscar got uncomfortable with his overweight body and no longer could go anywhere near girls, because they always â€Å"shrieked and called him gordo asqueroso.†(Page17,Chapter1). However, Oscar had become so desperate that if a girl talked to him for even a split second, he would fall in love with her. He â€Å"became a social introvert†(Page22,Chapter1), not having many friends throughout high school. â€Å"[Oscar's] affection-that gravitational mass of love, fear, longing, desire, and lust that he directed at any and every girl in the vicinity without regard to looks, age, or availability-broke his heart each and every day.†(Page23,Chapter1). As a result, he became very unwoeful with his life, abusing himself not only mentally but physically by lowering his self-esteem and self-confidence. As it came towards Oscar's Senior Year, â€Å"Oscar fell in love with a girl in his SAT prep class.†(Page33,Chapter1), Ana. Ana was a conversationalist, and in Oscar's perspective â€Å"[Ana] had beautiful Carribean-girl eyes†(Page34,Chapter1). She was a bit strange compared to the other girls, yet good-looking, making Oscar fall head over heels in love with her. Until one day she talked about her ex-boyfriend, Manny. Although things were going well between Ana and Oscar, the thought of Ana talking about Manny kept roaming in the back of his mind, pestering him.- â€Å"My parents loved Manny. My mom used to cook dinner for him all the time.†(Page35,Chapter1) Oscar liked Ana, but it didn't seem that Ana had the same feelings. Poor Oscar. When Ana had told Oscar that she and Manny were dating again, his heart got broken once more. Although this isn't the last time Oscar gets his heart broken, it sure is a starting point to deep, dark thoughts. As we read about Oscar's life in the novel, we can identify that due to the strong impression from Oscar's surroundings, he believed that a person needed to be loved, naturally he received stress from not succeeding, and in the end lost touch with reality. With peer pressure of having been told to lose his virginity more than several times, he became desperate, wanting to prove to himself that he too, can get a girl and be happy with life. However, due to the fact that Oscar couldn't really succeed in that area of expertise, it led him to numerous accounts of attempted suicide and eventually death.

Gas Diffusion Essay

OBJECTIVES: Determine the gas diffusion coefficient of acetone using the established Winkelmann’s method KEYWORDS Diffusivity, Gas Diffusion Coefficient, Winkelmann’s method OVERVIEW The knowledge of physical and chemical properties of certain materials is important because very often process engineering deal with the transformation and distribution of these materials in bulk. One such property is diffusivity. Mass transfer by diffusion takes place when there is a concentration gradient of the diffusing component. Naturally, the diffusion in gas phase is much faster than the diffusion in liquid phase due to the small spaces between the molecules that hinder other molecule movement. Other factors that will effect the diffusion are temperature, density, concentration and other external factors. 1. INTRODUCTION This experiment has been designed for students experiment on the technique of determining diffusivity of the vapor of a volatile liquid based on the established Winkelmann’s method. In this method the volatile liquid is allowed to evaporate in a vertical glass tube over the top of which a stream of vapor-free gas is passed. A water bath is provided for maintaining a steady temperature so that there is no eddy current in the vertical tube and mass transfer takes place from the surface by molecular diffusion alone. The rate of evaporation can be followed by the rate of fall of the liquid surface. A traveling microscope is provided for determining, the liquid fall. With the knowledge of the concentration gradient, the diffusivity of  the vapor of the volatile liquid can then be calculated. 2.THEORY When a concentration gradient exists within a fluid consisting of two or more components, there is a tendency for each constituent to flow in such a direction as to reduce the concentration gradient. This is called mass transfer. Mass transfer takes place in either a gas phase or a liquid phase or in both simultaneously. When a liquid is allowed to evaporate in a narrow vertical tube and a steady temperature is maintained, mass transfer takes place from the surface by molecular diffusion alone. This is the technique developed by Winkelmann to determine the diffusivity of the vapor of a volatile liquid. By monitoring the evaporation rate, which is the rate of fall of liquid surface, and with the knowledge of concentration gradient, one may then calculate the diffusivity. The rate of mass transfer is given by: (1) where, D=diffusivity [m2/s] CA=saturation concentration at interface [kmol/m3] L=effective distance of mass transfer [m] CT=total molar concentration [kmol/m3] CBm=logarithmic mean value of CB [kmol/m3] Considering the evaporation of the liquid: (2) where, L=density of liquid [kg/m3] M=molecular weight [kg/kmol] Combining equations 1 and 2 we get, (3) Integrating and putting L = L0 at t = 0: (4) Values of L0 or L will not be measured accurately but accurate values of (L – L0) are available. Thus, rearranging equation 4: or,(5) A plot of t/ against will give a slope s: (6) Diffusivity D can then be calculated from equation 6: 3.START UP AND SHUT- DOWN PROCEDURES 3.1Start-up Procedure Prior to running an experiment, students are advised to perform the following start-up procedure: 1.Fill the water bath with clean (preferably filtered) water to approximately 30 mm from the top. 2.Plug the mains cable to the electrical supply. Be sure that the voltage of the supply is correct to suit the equipment. 3.Switch on the main power on the control panel. 4.Adjust the set-point value on the temperature controller to 50  °C. Warning!!Do not set the temperature controller beyond 70  °C. 5.Switch on the heater. Observe the water temperature heats up to 50  °C and remains constant. 6.Switch on the air pump. Adjust the needle valve so that a steady low velocity of air stream is detected at the end of the flexible tubing. 7.The equipment is now ready for student experiment. b)Priming Procedure for the Capillary Tube Before using the capillary tube in an experiment using acetone, students are advised to clean the inside of the tube. 1.Prepare a weak solution of detergent. 2.Use a Hirschmann pipette to fill the tube with the solution. Tapping the outside of the tube may be necessary if the solution is trapped and does not flow down. 3.Turn the tube upside-down and shake. Empty the tube. 4.Repeat steps 2 to 3 with acetone. 5. The tube is now ready for student experiment. c)Shut-down Procedure After the completion of an experiment, students are advised to shut down the equipment as follows: 1.Switch off the heater and air pump. 2.Adjust the set-point value of the temperature controller to approximately 5 degree below the room temperature. 3.Allow the water to cool down until it is safe to touch. Open the drain valve and empty the water tank. 4.Detach the flexible tubing and clean the capillary tube for next use. (Refer to priming procedure) 5.Switch off the main power. Unplug the main cable if the equipment will not be used for a long period. 4.EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 1. Perform the start-up procedure as outlined in section 3. 2.Initially switch off the air pump. 3.Partially fill the capillary tube with acetone to a depth of about 35 mm. 4.Carefully insert the capillary tube through the fitting on top of the water bath cover. Do not over-tighten the fitting. 5.Observe the initial level of acetone through the microscope. Record the level in the table. 6.Connects the flexible tubing from the air pump line to one end of the capillary tube. Switch on the air pump. 7.After 10 minutes, switch off the air pump. Disconnect the flexible tubing and detach the capillary tube from the fitting. Observe and record the level of the acetone. 8. Repeat steps 5 to 6 at 10 minutes intervals. 9. Record the time, acetone level and liquid fall in the table below. 5.0RESULT Time, t (ks) Level of Acetone, L (mm) Liquid Fall (L – L0) (mm) t/(L – L0) (ks/mm) 6.0TUTORIALS 6.1 Plot t/ against. Determine gas diffusivity, D from the obtained slope, s. Attached all of your calculation at the appendix in the experiment report. 6.2 Compare the experimental value with the theoretical value that can be predicted from empirical equations (e.g. modified Maxwell’s equation by Gilliland). 6.3 Discuss the factors that effect the diffusion of acetone from the graph that have been plotted. 6.4 Base on objective of the experiment and the theory in gas diffusion makes a conclusion from your finding. 7.0 SAFETY AND MAINTENANCE General Safety Procedure 1.Always read and understand the manual properly before attempting to operate the equipment. 2.Always wear proper attire during laboratory session. It is highly recommended that eye protection and gloves are used. 3.Be careful when handling hazardous material. Always refer to the material safety data sheet. Avoid inhaling in great amount any hazardous material. 4.Avoid any spillage onto electrical components to prevent electrical shock. 5.Avoid touching hot surfaces (e.g. heater) to prevent skin burn. 6.Always conduct experiment in a properly ventilated room. General Maintenance Procedure 1.Do not operate the equipment if any of the components is found to be faulty. Consult the instructor for assistance. 2.Disconnect the equipment from electrical supply when not in use. 3.Drain the water from the water bath. 4.Clean the water bath thoroughly after use. Values for Calculation: 1. Ï  L = 760.0 kg/m3 2. M = 58.08 kg/kmol 3. Partial pressure P* = 0.8062 atm 4. where for acetone, CB1=0.0377 kmol/m3 CB2=0.00731 kmol/m3 CA=0.0304 kmol/m3 CT=0.0377kmol/m3

Woodstock Music Festival

Woodstock Music Festival Abstract Woodstock Music Festival was a three day event that took place in 1969. It involved a â€Å"throng of sex, drugs, and rock n rollplus a lot of mud.† Woodstock has turned out to be a 1960s hippie counter-culture symbol during one of the most unstable years in contemporary history.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Woodstock Music Festival specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this paper, theories regarding the causes of this colossal concert will be discussed and argued, in effect convincing readers to look at the music festival in new point of view and discover the symbolic significance that stirred novelty to a crippling nation. Body In 1969 America summer, numerous huge concerts took place, however none of them were as symbolic and celebrated as Woodstock Music Festival. Woodstock impact on the society and culture of Americans will be remembered in many decades to come. John Roberts, Artie Korn field, Michael Lang, Joel Rosenman were men who initially established the event. Their initial plan concerning the concert was to back up the plan of opening a recording music studio in Bethel, NY; this is where the concert in fact took place. Intended to become the biggest event that assembled many people in one specific place and time, Woodstock Music Festival represented â€Å"three days of love, peace and music† in the middle of Vietnam War terrors (Evans, 48). Woodstock was the most eminent music concert and it took place when Americans were greatly divided; more than four hundred thousand people from all over the country assembled to commemorate â€Å"Three Days of Peace and Music.† Those 3 days of celebrated performances, indescribable mud and memorable experiences enabled Woodstock Art and Music turn into be a symbol of all generation. The historic event became large for Americans’ generation as an icon of camaraderie and love of music during a time of d isaster, war and generational clefts. Woodstock music festival was a shrilly pacifist show, but its meaning was thinned by the media. Instead of focusing on the political avowals made, typical cultural critics talked-about long hair, nakedness and hippies (Perone, 87). The event, as it were, had lost its grip in the midst of a normalizing and co-optive media tradition that overlooked existent politics and replaced sensationalism and symbolism. The concert was officially known as â€Å"The Woodstock Music and Art Fair,† it went through various hypothetical incarnations, recorded in an article in the year 1994 by Elliot Tiber.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many articles wrote lots of different things regarding the concert and large numbers of people from different parts of the country walked for miles to reach the location (Evans, 108). Even though the W oodstock Music Festival was intended to be a ticketed event, ultimately, the planners stopped collecting the tickets because the crowd started to cut away and to trample the fences which made even more people to come to the concert. The event schedule featured the most celebrated and legendary rock and folk music groups of the 60s. In the first night, the concert was headlined by Ritchie Havens and came to an end many hours later with Joan Baez giving a blazing close-down. Artists began their performances every day at around midday and they made sure they engaged the crowd. There were fundamental causes for this event and so they had to give their all. The Americans were very segregated at the time and the frights of the Vietnam War were still very fresh in their minds. So much was going on and there was too much pressure surrounding the people. The event was all about love, peace and above all music (Makower, 97). Woodstock Music Festival was inspiring and remarkable for people who attended because it had performing artists who played for the largest audience of their vocation. Woodstock Music Festival featured unforgettable â€Å"acts of the Rock Roll† epoch i.e. â€Å"Joan Baez, Richie Havens, John Sebastian, The Who, Santana, Mountain, Canned Heat, Arlo Guthrie, CCR, Joe Cocker, Grandpa Simpsons favorite band that day––Sha Na Na, The Band, Paul Butterfield Blues Band, Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, CSNY, and Country Joe and the Fish and Jimi Hendrix, who sang his terrific edition of the Star-Spangled Banner.† The event was about three days of peace and love, contrasting the Vietnam War and abhorrence. The Vietnam War was a lengthened conflict existing between nationalist forces who tried to unite Vietnam nation under a communalist government and the US (with South Vietnamese help) trying to put a stop to the spread of communalism.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Woodstock Music Festival spe cifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Engaged in a battle that many saw as having no means to win, United State heads lost their citizens support for the warfare (Evans, 56). Ever since the end of this warfare, the Vietnam War has turned into a point of reference for what not to do in the future when it comes to U.S. foreign battles. This war left Americans in division and with so much hatred; the festival intended to bring peace and love in the land. The festival was caused by the urge to unite American people and to alleviate the pressure that the people were going through. Organizers of the event said that people who were buying tickets for the Festival were contributing to a unified front against the hatred, the division and the Vietnam War. Artists played great music and made antiviolence speeches; Country Joe for instance exhorted the audience that â€Å"if you want to stop this fucking war, youll have to sing louder than that.† Leaders of the movement and other advocates took their turns too and several men smashed their draft cards protesting against the Vietnam War (Makower, 73). Nonetheless, Media’s image and reminiscence of this festival focused on the commemorating side of it: the loud music, the rain and mud, the nakedness, drugs and â€Å"free† love. There were numerous turbulent incidents closely enveloping Woodstock Music Festival. For example the Vietnam War had just got into its 5th year. It would have entered its 6th year if Saigon to the Vietcong did not admit defeat on 30th April, 1975. In the previous year, Martin Luther King, Jr. assassination was very fresh in the minds of many people in the country. A fugitive convict, confessed to the felony however he later claimed to have been set-up. His confession was however sustained 8 times and in 1998, he passed on in prison. There was also another recent assassination involving Sen. Robert F. Kennedy: this occurred in LA at the Ambassador Hotel which happened just 2 months after the death of Martin Luther King, Jr. A Palestinian migrant known as Sirhan Sirhan assassinated Kennedy, after he had addressed his cohorts, and passed away the following day: Sirhan was arrested and put in jail.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During the festival Lang said that Americans were trying hard to get-out of that Vietnam War. He stated that â€Å"The whole decade had been filled with efforts to improving the human condition with human rights struggles, civil rights and womens rights. We were just first realizing that we were trashing the planet we lived on and the ecology movement was just beginning and a lot of groups at the time were turning a bit violent in trying to get their message out, (out of) frustration.† He continued to say that Woodstock served as a diplomatic and a serene way to fight the negative and depressing attitude brought about by those events. The country had gone through so much and even if the artists’ initial plan was to establish a recording music studio, the cause of the Festival was to bring Music, Love and most of all Peace (Perone, 29). Actually, by the first day of the Festival, as the performers looked-out-upon the huge multitude, they must have seen that Woodstock M usic Festival was not going to be just like any other concert that would be overlooked and forgotten. Looking from the outside Woodstock Festival might have been seen like just a concert for the young generation that involved hearing and dancing to their favorite musical tunes, but it proved to be much greater than that. Even though music was a significant part of the event, it could not have celebrated for such a long time if that were the extent of its worth. This means that the Festival was much more than just music and dancing. Woodstock brought out an important message to the people by helping them realize that they could come as one during depressing moments and discover a unified aspiration which was â€Å"Love and Peace†(Makower, 35). Even though there was law enforcement during the festival because it was feared that there would rioting, the police disregarded drug laws. The audience stayed diplomatic and calm all through the period of the festival in spite of the in tense use of LSD and Marijuana. During the Festival, no conflict was reported even though there was death because a tractor ran over a man. The entire Festival was a moment of peace and cheerfulness. Lots of people attending the event were given a gleam of hopefulness and optimism in a world that disregarded them. Despite the mud engraved in their bodies and the drugs, the long for love, peace and acceptance was in the air. The atmosphere and the frame of mind created by this is what made the Festival terrific and unforgettable. If it wasn’t for this pervasive feeling, the crowd could have dismissed the event like just any other excuse to get together, listen to music, dance and get high on drugs. There were little things that created great difference like the fact that there was no reported damage of properties during the entire festival. Also, even if there was lots of trash left at the concert site, the venture to clean-up the six hundred acre was completed in 5 days; crew members and attendees also helped with the cleaning (Littleproud, 46). For the majority of people, the impact of the festival was evident in their lives. Both men and women acquired self-confidence to go out there and make a big difference regardless of what some people may have thought of them. These people made great impact on the US society when just living their ordinary lives. They were educational pioneers with their varying feelings regarding the meaning of music, art and the society’s structure. Woodstock Music Festival’s impact that was left on the country could have been just as enormous on the people who watched it as the ones who were in reality present (Bennett, 67). People who went to the festival showed almost everybody around them that they can get together and make a big difference if only they wanted to. This event came at a time when most young people of America needed ideas of how to bring unity and peace in their land regardless of their differenc es. Due to Woodstock Music Festival, both men and women were inspired to go out there and make their own music. Also, there were new musicians who made their debut at the concert; for example Carlos Santana. Much of the music played during the festival was cordial and it happened to be a way of allowing the listeners find a foundation on which to talk about the events surrounding their world (Littleproud, 201). The Festival feeling has lasted on people’s minds for decades and up until this day, music continues to have a much more intense and influential effect on the people listening to it. It is obvious that without music events like Woodstock, Music wouldn’t be what and where it is at present. Efforts to recreate Woodstock Music Festival couldn’t be mastered because of one major factor. This was plainly that there was no profound ground or purpose to the reproduction. â€Å"Woodstock 94† was the second concert but it was no more than a big endorsement. In spite of Woodstock 69’s initial plan of studio promotion, it turned out to be much more than that for the reason that it took place at a time when Americans were searching for answers not simply empty ideas and talks. With the great publicity of Woodstock 94 in the media, it lost all optimism of be what the original Festival was all about. Woodstock 99’ was overly commercialized but this was not an issue, however everything else that was visualized happened. There was great hope for the last try to have another emblematic Woodstock prior-to the closing stages of the millennium. The optimism and expectations were shattered just as fast as the Woodstock site in Rome, NY. The festival’s audience was made up of a small number of patriot Woodstock aficionados that went to all three concerts bearing the name â€Å"Woodstock.† It appeared that the other people that constituted the rest of the attendees were practically all there to get high and tear down anyt hing that surrounded them. By the end of the festival, almost the entire stage and music equipments were ruined. There were also rape cases and all mementos given like posters, caps and shirts were stolen. The conducts portrayed during Woodstock 99’ festival can be referred to as â€Å"destructive vigor.† It went past foolish brutality to a point of bringing down the splendor of the original Woodstock 69’. Sadly now when people remember Woodstock Music Festival, they can’ help but also recall the damage that took place during its most recent effort at recreation. Conclusion In spite of people’s wish to bring back the mood and sensation of the original Woodstock Music Festival, all that remains is its effect on people who took part in it and the affect it had on the society they live in. Woodstock 69’ feeling will never be lost despite what happened in the consequent Woodstock concerts. It was caused by the desire to promote music studios but it played a greater role. At that time so much was going on in US and people were experiences great hatred and division. The Festival brought the feeling of â€Å"Love, Peace and good Music.† Bennett, Andy. Remembering Woodstock. USA, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2004. Print Evans, Mike. Woodstock: Three Days That Rocked the World, California, Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2009. Print Littleproud, Brad. Woodstock Peace, Music Memories, New York, Krause Publications, 2009. Print Makower, Joel. Woodstock: the oral history.USA, SUNY Press, 2009. Print Perone, James. Music of the counterculture era. Chicago, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004. Print